| 徐呈祥.等渗透势的干旱、盐、碱胁迫对枣和酸枣叶片气体交换特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(6): |
| 等渗透势的干旱、盐、碱胁迫对枣和酸枣叶片气体交换特性的影响 |
| Leaf Gas Exchange Characterestics of Chinese Jujuba and Sour Date Under Iso-osmotic Drought, Salt and Alkaline Stress |
| 投稿时间：2011-08-08 修订日期：2011-08-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 枣 酸枣 叶片气体交换 等渗透势 干旱胁迫 盐胁迫 碱胁迫 |
| 英文关键词:Chinese Jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) sour date (Z.spinosus (Bunge) Hu) leaf gas exchange iso-osmotic potential drought stress salt stress alkaline stress |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以2年生金丝小枣等5个枣品种的嫁接苗及其砧木酸枣的实生苗为试材，在-0.30MPa、-1.315 MPa两种渗透势下，分别设干旱胁迫（用PEG-6000模拟）、盐（NaCl）胁迫、碱（NaHCO3）胁迫3种逆境，以浇灌1/2Hoagland溶液、不加PEG-6000或NaCl或NaHCO3的处理为对照，研究了等渗透势的干旱、盐、碱胁迫对枣和酸枣叶片气体交换特性的影响。结果表明，干旱、盐、碱胁迫下枣和酸枣叶片气体交换反应相似性是主要的，但品种间、处理间以及参数间的差异性也很明显，存在特异性：与对照相比，历经60d的干旱、盐、碱胁迫，总体上，枣和酸枣叶片的光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及光合水分利用效率（WUE）减小，气孔导度（Gs）降低，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）普遍升高，气孔限制值（Ls）普遍减小，表明它们在逆境下生长受到抑制有着深刻的植物生理学原因。但这6项光合生理指标下降的幅度差异很大：5个枣品种及酸枣基本上均以Pn的变化最大，以Ls的变化幅度最小，说明在本文的实验条件下导致它们Pn及WUE下降的主要不是气孔因素，而是非气孔因素。同时，在这5个枣品种及酸枣中，逆境下诸指标总体上以酸枣的变化幅度最小，其次是大瓜枣，金丝小枣变化幅度中等，冬枣、梨枣、泗洪大枣的这些指标的稳定性明显较低，诸品种这些指标的响应特性与它们综合的耐逆性相一致。就胁迫种类与这些指标的变化幅度而言，渗透势为-0.30MPa，无论干旱或盐、碱胁迫下，处理间的差异性普遍很小，特别是Pn；处理液渗透势降至-1.15MPa，虽然处理间的差异性仍然普遍很小，但与渗透势为-0.30MPa时相比差异性明显扩大，与对照间的差异性更大，具体下降的幅度基本上与供试植物材料各自的抗逆性相反，抗逆性愈强，下降幅度愈小。逆境下叶片气体交换指标的变化情况与枣和酸枣的抗逆性相符，且进一步反映着它们各自的抗逆性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Leaf exchange characterestics of Chineses jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)and its stock species – sour date (Z.spinosus (Bunge) Hu) to iso-osmotic drought, salt and alkaline stress were studied with materials of their 2-year-old plants. ‘Jinsixiaozao’, ‘Dongzao’ and other three jujuba cultivars mainly grown in East China were tested The osmotic potential were -0.30 MPa and -1.15 MPa respectively. Salt used was NaCl, alkaline used was NaHCO3, drought stress was simulated with PEG-6000, control of the experimental was the treatment irrigating 1/2Hoagland solution without added PEG-6000 and NaCl and NaHCO3. Results showed that similarities of leaf gas exchange characterestics of Chineses jujuba and sour date under these stresses for 60 d were the main, but differences between cultivars, treatments and parameters were obvious and existed specificity. Compared with control, leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), photosynthesis of water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (Gs) and stomatal limitation (Ls) of the six materials under drought, salt or alkaline stress for 60 d decreased while leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased generally, indicating that their growth redardent under stresses is of profound phyto-physiological reasons. However, vallue changes of the six parameters of leaf photosynthese were rather signicicant: Pn was the biggest and Ls was the minimum, indicating that main factors lead to decreases of Pn and WUE were not stomatal factors under the experimental condition in this paper. Meantime, among the five Chinese jujuba cultivars and sour date, the minimum change degree of the six photosynthetic parameters was sour date, next was daguazao, Jinsixiazo change ranged medium, but the stablity of these indexes for Dongzao, Lizao and Sihongdazao was significantly lower, response characerestics of the tested materials were integrated with their stress resistances. As to stress types and the indexs for extent of change, no matter under drought or salt, alkaline stress with osmotic potential for -0.30MPa, differences among treatments generally were small, especially the Pn; irrigating with solution of -1.15 MPa, although the differences among treatment still generally were small, differences compared to those of -0.30 MPa were significant, the strong the resistance of cultivar, the smaller the decline range. Changes characteristics of leaf gas exchange indexes of the cultivars under stresses further reflected their respective resistance. |
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