| 邓明学.贡柑黑腐病发生规律研究[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(4): |
| 贡柑黑腐病发生规律研究 |
| A Study on Occurrence of black rot of Citrus Gonggan |
| 投稿时间：2012-06-22 修订日期：2012-07-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 贡柑黑腐病 浸入途径 显症时间 感病器官 感病品种 对温湿度要求 |
| 英文关键词:black rot of Citrus gonggan invasive ways times of symptomatic appearance susceptible organ susceptible variety requirements of temperature and humidity |
| 基金项目:广西壮族自治区直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（基本业务2010-003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 贡柑黑腐病是近年来严重为害贡柑的病害，其病原菌系柑桔链格孢菌（Alternaria citri）。为了探明其发生规律，笔者于2011-2012年采用盆栽苗人工接种和田间调查相结合的方法进行研究。试验结果表明：在人工接种条件下，该病原菌可以从没有伤口的叶片表面浸入，更易从伤口入浸，桔类和橙类的杂交柑-贡柑、茂谷柑最感病，其次是桔类中的椪柑、南丰蜜桔，在有伤口和连续下雨的条件下，马水桔、砂糖桔、温州蜜柑的嫩芽也偶被感染，橙类、柚类、柠檬、金桔抗病。在田间，贡柑、茂谷柑最感病，其次是南丰蜜桔、椪柑，马水桔、砂糖桔、温州蜜柑未见发病。刚抽发的嫩梢和幼果易感病，组织越嫩，越易感病，老叶、成熟果实感病少，幼树和刚结果树以及嫩梢多的树发病重。该病原菌孢子萌发需要高湿，下雨、高温、高湿有利于该病的发生和流行；夏梢发病最重，其次是春梢和幼果，秋梢发病轻。在人工接种条件下，只要下雨和温度达到15-30℃，1-3d即可显症。沿着叶脉快速扩展是该病的最大特点，也是该病难防治的最大原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Black rot of Citrus gonggan was a serious disease occurred on gonggan these years. The pathogen of this disease was Alternaria citri. The occurrence regularity had been studied using artificial inoculation and field investigation method in 2011-2012. The results showed that the pathogen could affected the plant from stoma and wound and the wound was easier to invade. By artificial inoculation, the tangerine hybrids including Gonggan and Murcott were most susceptible and then were Ponkan and Nanfeng orange. This disease infected tender bud of Mashui orange, Citrus shatangju and satsuma mandarin occasionally while there were wound and continuous rain. Yellowish orange, Pomelo, Citrus limon and oval kumquat were resistant varieties. In the field, Gonggan and Murcott were the most susceptible varieties, and then were Nanfeng orange and Ponkan. There were no infection occurred at Mashui orange, Citrus shatangju and satsuma mandarin. New young shoots and young fruits were susceptible, however old leaves and mature fruits were less susceptible. The young trees, fruiting trees and the trees with large number of young shoots were found to be heaviest. The spore could germinated with high humidity. Rainy, high temperature and humidity was conducive to the disease occurrence and expansion. Summer shoots was most severely infected, then were spring shoots and young fruits, autumn shoots few infected. Symptom appeared quickly after artificial inoculated at 15-30 ℃ with a rainy day in 1-3 days. The pathogen extended along the veins rapidly was most notable characteristic of the disease which was the most important cause of hard to control. |
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