| 陈世林.宜昌市柑橘冻害发生的气象特点及柑橘不同品种在冻害中表现和冻后恢复比较[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(2): |
| 宜昌市柑橘冻害发生的气象特点及柑橘不同品种在冻害中表现和冻后恢复比较 |
| Meteorological characters related to the frozen disaster of citrus industry in Yichang and the behavior difference of variant citrus cultivar in or after freeze injury |
| 投稿时间：2013-10-16 修订日期：2014-01-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 柑橘 冻害 抗寒性 灾害性天气 |
| 英文关键词:citrus freeze injury cold resistance severe weather |
| 基金项目:公益性行业科研专项（200903003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【研究目的】全球升温趋势之下，极端温度变幅加大和低温造成的灾害性天气频率不减反增，2008、2011和2012宜昌柑橘产区部分或大面积发生不同程度柑橘冻害。本研究旨在增强人们对于冻害发生天气情况的了解，为柑橘产区品种规划及防寒减灾提供参考资料【方法】通过对宜昌市夷陵区历次柑橘冻害发生的气象资料统计和冻后实际调研情况分析，对最近几年冻害发生过程中不同柑橘种类和品种的表现及冻后恢复情况进行比较。【结果】发现历次大冻均发生于1月5日至1月31日之间，冻害程度与低温强度及低温持续时间呈现正相关。比较了柚、杂柑、椪柑、温州蜜柑和甜橙等不同柑橘种类在冻害中的表现，结果表明，受冻程度由重到轻依次为：杂柑→柚类→橙类→椪柑→温州蜜柑，离大水体远的果园受冻严重；坡向、坡位对冻害程度有影响。冻后恢复情况与树体冻害程度和冻后恢复能力有关，甜橙和柚冻害较重，但恢复能力较强，椪柑受冻虽然较甜橙和柚为轻，但冻后恢复较慢，而温州蜜柑冻害发生轻、冻后恢复也最快。【结论】在柑橘栽培北缘地区，因地制宜选择适宜品种、合理进行规划布局对柑橘产业健康发展极为重要。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【OBJECTIVE】 The global warm up trend does'nt smoother up potential threaten of frozen disaster to citrus crops, which was evidenced by several times freeze injury happened in2008, 2011 and 2012. This paper is to enhance our knowledges about the Meteorological characters related to the frozen injuries and accumulate the past experience against the natural disaster in happened in Yichang, the important northern place for citrus industry in China. 【METHOD】Statistical analysis was made to compare the lowest temperature, freeze duration and the citrus planting area being frozen in the history of the past five decades, as well as investigation was made to the variance of alternative varieties behaviored in freeze injury. 【RESULTS】 The analysis showed the historical freeze injuries were all happened during 5th-31th January. The severe damage was correlated to the lowest temperature and its last time. Different citrus species and varieties showed variant hardness to freeze injury. Satsuma orange showed the highest resistance to freeze injury, followed by Penggan, sweet orange, pumelo and citrus hybids. The orchard far from Yangzhi River displayed more severe in freeze injury, and the citrus plants on the north slope of the hillside damaged more than those in the south part. After freeze injury, the different citrus varieties showed distinction in recover from the freeze damage. Sweet orange and pumelo showed more vigorous and strong ability in recover the injury, while Penggan need 2 to 3 years in recovering from freeze injury. The Satsuma orange not only have strong hardness to cold temperature but also quick renew from damage. 【CONCLUSION】In northern part of place for citrus industry, threaten of frozen disaster will not be smoothered up with the trend of global warming. Carefull designation, adaptive varieties in fitting place are crucially important for sustainable citrus production. |
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