| 杨锋,孙建设.湖北海棠无融合生殖遗传分析与胚发育模式研究[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(5): |
| 湖北海棠无融合生殖遗传分析与胚发育模式研究 |
| Analysis of Apomictic Genetic Basis and Developmental pattern of Embryo in Malus hupehensis Rehd. |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-19 修订日期：2015-03-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 湖北海棠 无融合生殖 遗传分析 胚发育 |
| 英文关键词:Malus hupehensis Apomixis Genetic Trend Embryo |
| 基金项目:国家苹果产业技术体系项目（CARS-28）；辽宁省农业攻关项目-多抗性苹果矮化砧木选育（2014020008-101-5）；公益性行业科研专项(201203075-05)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以湖北海棠变种平邑甜茶、泰山海棠与B9做杂交组合，培育实生苗1750株，筛选杂种F1代96株。用去雄套袋法鉴定F1的无融合生殖率，用流式细胞仪鉴定杂种的染色体倍性。结果表明：无融合生殖型率在80%以上的有40株，15%以下有40株，20%-50%之间有16株；25株四倍体皆为无融合生殖型，10株二倍体皆为有性生殖型，三倍体中无融合生殖型加上中间型与有性生殖型数量比接近1：1。初步推测湖北海棠的无融合生殖基因型为“Aaa”（“A”显性，无融合生殖；“a”隐性，有性生殖），以显性单基因质量性状为主，也有数量性状效应；胚囊多数情况下由未减数的2n=3x配子直接发育成与母株基因相同的胚，部分2n配子与雄配子结合，形成2n+n=4x型后代，少量胚囊经减数分裂产生n=x、n=2x两种配子，无融合生殖基因随n=2x配子分离。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The crossings were made between Malus hupehensis.var.pingyiensis，Malus hupehensis. var.taishanensis and B9 , 96 of crossed hybrids were selected from the population of 1750. The bagging pollination was made to identify the apomictic ratio and the flow cytometry was used to identify the ploidy of seedlings. Results of the apomictic ratio showed that 40 hybrids were up to 80%，another 40 of them were below 15%, and 16 hybrids were between 20% to 50%. The results of the hybrids’ ploidy revealed that, all of 25 tetraploids were apomictic seedlings and all of 10 diploids were sexual seedlings , the ratio of the apomictic type plus the intermediate type to the sexual type were nearly 1:1 in the triploids. The studies suggested that the genotype of apomixis in Malus hupehensis could be ‘Aaa’, ‘A’ represents a dominant type controlling apomixis and ‘a’ represents a recessive type controlling sexual propagation. The apomixis was controlled mainly by major genes, and also effected by some minor genes. Most of the megaspores could directly developed into an embryo by a ‘2n=3x’ unreduced gamete resulting in the same genotype with their female tree. Some of the ‘2n’ gametes could combined with a male gamete and formed a 4x genotype(2n+n=4x). Few megaspores might segregate into two types of gametes, that were ‘n=x’ and ‘n=2x’, and the apomixis gene could separate with the ‘n=2x’ gametes. |
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