| 崔建潮,贾晓辉,孙平平,杨晓龙,王文辉.14种杀菌剂对梨黑斑病菌的室内毒力测定[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(3): |
| 14种杀菌剂对梨黑斑病菌的室内毒力测定 |
| Toxicity Measurement of Fourteen Fungicides on Alternaria alternata from Pear Fruits |
| 投稿时间：2015-12-29 修订日期：2016-02-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 梨 黑斑病 杀菌剂 毒力测定 |
| 英文关键词:pear black spot fungicides toxicity measurement |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 由链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata）引起的梨黑斑病是目前梨果采后贮藏和运输过程中的主要病害之一。为筛选出防治梨黑斑病的高效低毒杀菌剂，以降低采后黑斑病的发生，在室内离体条件下采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了14种杀菌剂对梨黑斑病菌的毒力，并对异菌脲、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺和嘧霉胺等4种杀菌剂的保护和治疗作用进行了评价。结果表明：供试14种杀菌剂中，苯醚甲环唑对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强，EC50为0.4214 mgL-1，异菌脲、嘧霉胺、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的EC50均小于3.0 mgL-1，抑制效果较强；异菌脲和苯醚甲环唑对病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用最强，EC50分别为1.0790 mgL-1和1.9508 mgL-1。异菌脲、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺和嘧霉胺等4种杀菌剂均兼有保护和治疗作用。建议梨果采收后使用异菌脲、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺和嘧霉胺等杀菌剂进行防腐处理，以有效控制贮藏期黑斑病的发生。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Pear black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is a serious disease for the postharvest storage and transportation of pear. Fungicides with high activities and low toxicities were needed for controlling pear black spot, extending the postharvest storage period, and reducing economic losses from this disease. In this work, fourteen commercially used fungicides were chosen, and their toxicities against A. alternata were screened by the mycelium growth rate and spores germination methods in vitro. Meanwhile the protective and curative effects of iprodione, difenoconazole, prochloraz and pyrimethanil on the A. alternata were evaluated in vivo. The results indicated that EC50 value of difenoconazole of 0.4214 mgL-1, was the most effective against the mycelial growth of A.alternata, and EC50 values of iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole and prochloraz were less than 3.0mg/L; while iprodione and difenoconazole had maximum toxicity against the conidium germination, with the EC50 values of 1.0790 and 1.9508 mgL-1, respectively. The iprodione, difenoconazole, prochloraz and pyrimethanil all showed both protective and therapeutic effects on pear black spot. It was recommended that iprodione, difenoconazole, prochloraz and pyrimethanil could be used as effective fungicides for controlling the postharvest pear black spot. |
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