| 赵德英.树盘覆盖对早酥梨园土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(4): |
| 树盘覆盖对早酥梨园土壤有机碳及其组分的影响 |
| Effects of mulching on soil organic carbon and its fractions in Zaosu pear orchard |
| 投稿时间：2016-03-15 修订日期：2016-04-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 树盘覆盖 早酥梨园 土壤有机碳 有机碳组分 |
| 英文关键词:Mulching Zaosu orchard Soil organic carbon Fractions of organic carbon |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP）；辽宁省果树产业技术体系栽培技术研究岗位（LNGSCYTX-15-5） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以18年生早酥梨园为试材，连续3年开展了玉米秸秆覆盖、黑色地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆 地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆 生物菌肥覆盖和清耕试验，研究5种树盘覆盖方式对丘陵山地早酥梨园土壤有机碳及其组分的影响。结果表明，土壤总有机碳（TOC）含量随土层深度增加而降低，TOC含量增幅最大的是0~30cm土层，效果最明显是玉米秸秆 菌肥覆盖处理，TOC含量比清耕（CK）增加了64.7%。年生长周期内，土壤TOC含量呈现先稳定后降低再升高的趋势，添加秸秆有机物的覆盖处理显著提高了土壤TOC含量，玉米秸秆 菌肥覆盖TOC含量增幅最大，比清耕增加了11.0%。随着覆盖年限的增长，添加秸秆有机物覆盖处理的土壤总有机碳含量、易氧化有机碳（ROC）含量及其占总有机碳的比例、微生物量碳（MBC）含量及其占总有机碳的比例均呈现不同程度的增加，玉米秸秆 生物菌肥覆盖增幅最大，其次为玉米秸秆覆盖和玉米秸秆 黑色地膜覆盖。黑色地膜覆盖增加了土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量及其所占TOC比例。在实际应用中，玉米秸秆 生物菌肥覆盖可用于以培肥为主要目的的覆盖栽培，玉米秸秆 黑色地膜覆盖可用于以增温效应为主要目的覆盖栽培，覆盖材料应本着就地取材原则，以实现农业废弃物利用和果树提质增效的双重效应。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, 8a Zaosu pear orchard was used as the experimental material. Five treatments were included as tillage (CK), corn straw mulching, black plastic mulching, corn straw plus bio-bacterial manure mulching and corn straw plus plastic mulching. Effects of five mulching types on soil organic carbon and its fractions were conducted for three years trial. The results showed that the total organic carbon contents decreased with the increase of soil depth.
The maximum of soil total organic carbon content were within 0~30cm soil depth. The total organic carbon contents of corn straw plus bio-bacterial manure mulching were highest, which increased by 64.7% compared to tillage. During the annual growth cycle, the soil total organic carbon content maintain a stable level from April to June, and decreased to lowest level in July and then increased from August to September. The soil total organic carbon content increased significantly for mulching treatments with corn straw. The soil total organic carbon content for corn straw plus bio-bacterial manure mulching were higher than that of tillage by 11.0%. Compared with tillage, mulching treatments with corn straw significantly increased soil total organic carbon contents, readily oxidizable organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon and their percentage of total organic carbon, and increased with the increased years of coverage in one to three years. The highest increase amplitude measured under corn straw plus bio-bacterial manure mulching, followed by corn straw mulching and corn straw plus plastic mulching, respectively. The dissolved organic carbon contents and its percentage of total organic carbon increased for black plastic mulching. In the practical application, the corn straw plus bio-bacterial manure mulching was the best mulching type for soil fertilizing, whereas corn straw plus plastic mulching was the best mulching type for increasing soil surface temperature. The mulching materials should be obtained raw materials locally, and the double efficiency of effective utilization of residues resources and improving of fruit quality and high efficiency would be realized. |
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