| 姚丽贤.基于植物营养的荔枝龙眼果实异常现象的初步诊断[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(4): |
| 基于植物营养的荔枝龙眼果实异常现象的初步诊断 |
| Preliminary diagnosis on fruit abnormality of litchi and longan based on plant nutrition |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-01 修订日期：2017-02-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝 龙眼 钙 硼 生理性病害 |
| 英文关键词:Litchi longan calcium boron physical disorder |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（荔枝龙眼，CARS-33-10） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年我国荔枝龙眼主产区出现多起荔枝龙眼果实发育期果实异常现象。小果和中果期表现为外果皮出现黑褐色斑点，内果皮黑褐色斑块更为明显，严重者果皮开裂，种胚坏死。大果期外果皮皱缩凸起，果实畸形变小，内果皮有黑褐色或淡绿色向果肉侵入的痂状物，严重者侵入部位果肉褐变腐烂。不同时期果实异常症状均为内部重于外部。在排除病原物侵染致病前提下，观察对比了异常果和正常果果实微观形貌，测试了果实不同部位N、P、K、Ca、Mg和B等养分含量，并调查了果园的管理、施肥及气候情况。初步判断这些果实异常现象是由不良气候引起的果实缺Ca生理性病害。对个别果园，缺B可能也是一个共同影响因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fruit abnormality of litchi and longan was observed in litchi and longan main production area in China during 2014-2015. It was present as black and brown in epicarp and more serious in endocarp for the little and medium fruit. More seriously, the peel was broken and the seed was necrotized. The epicarp was shriveled and the fruit became abnormal and smaller, and black and brown or virescent paraphyte outshot from the endocarp in the mature fruit. The fruit abnormality developed from the inner and worsened off than outside at different stages. After the inflection by pathogen in fruit was excluded, the fruit microcosmic appearance was observed by transmission scanning electron microscope and the concentrations of nutrients including N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B were detected. The management and fertilization of the orchards with abnormal fruits were investigated, and the local climate was traced back as well. Based on the above investigation, we preliminarily suppose that the fruit abnormality in litchi and longan was physiological disorders linked with Ca-deficiency due to Ca transport barrier caused by bad weather. B-deficiency might be a possible inducement for one exceptional orchard as well. |
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