| 陈焱,何平刚,曹立,彭良志,陆智明,高杰峰,刘冰浩.柑桔温室容器苗黄化成因及化肥减施效果初探[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(4): |
| 柑桔温室容器苗黄化成因及化肥减施效果初探 |
| 温室柑桔容器苗黄化成因及化肥减施效果初探 |
| 投稿时间：2017-02-25 修订日期：2017-04-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 温室育苗 营养诊断 黄化 缺锌 化肥减施 |
| 英文关键词:container nursery nutritional diagnosis chlorosis Zinc deficiency fertilizer reduction |
| 基金项目:西南大学基本科研业务费项目：XDJK2015C087；广西柑桔生物学重点实验室基金：桂柑科201402K003; 国家现代农业（柑桔）产业技术体系岗位科学家专项。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1966 |
| 全文下载次数: 2316 |
| 中文摘要: |
| [目的] 0.2-0.5%尿素（或者复合肥）水溶液是当前柑桔育苗工作者普遍采用的适宜浓度，但在温室柑桔容器苗育苗过程中，长期轮换施用0.3%尿素或复合肥后，往往出现叶片异常黄化现象。为了探明叶片异常黄化原因，本研究对温室黄化植株及土壤进行营养诊断，并进行化肥减施试验，分析黄化原因，提出应对措施。 [方法] 在施肥管理一致(每10d施肥0.3%尿素或复合肥一次)的条件下，以2a龄沃柑和1a龄琯溪蜜柚为试材，分别选取室内黄化株、正常株和田间正常株进行园艺性状调查和化学元素分析，并进一步观察减肥处理（0.1%尿素或复合肥）对缓解叶片异常黄化的效果。[结果] 1）以株高、茎粗、发梢次数、叶片数目为指标，2a龄沃柑的田间正常株>室内正常株>室内黄化株；以主根粗度、地下鲜重及须根发生量为指标，2a龄沃柑的室内正常株>田间正常株>室内黄化株。1a龄琯溪蜜柚与2a龄沃柑的表现基本一致。2）相对于新鲜营养土，室内黄化植株的土壤中的大量元素呈现不同程度累积；黄化植株的土壤中的锌含量低于正常植株土壤，但均超过适宜范围；黄化植株叶片的锌缺乏，其含量远低于室内正常株。 3）肥料减施后，室内柑桔叶片黄化现象得到有效缓解，施肥浓度调低至0.1%适宜。[结论]室内长期按0.3%施肥育苗，会引起营养土N、P、K不同程度累积，从而抑制柑桔根系对锌的吸收，在植株上表现缺锌黄化。温室内施肥浓度应低至0.1%较为适宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] The application of 0.2%~0.5% urea or compound fertilizer solution was widely used in nursery production. However, abnormal leaf yellowing usually occurs after long-term application of 0.3% urea (or compound fertilizer) of the potted citrus seedlings in greenhouse. This study aimed at revealing the underlying reason of abnormal leaf yellowing, carrying out the nutrition diagnosis and fertilizer reduction test. [Methods] The potted citrus seedlings, including indoor normal seedlings (INS), indoor yellowing seedlings (IYS) and field normal seedlings (FNS), cultivated under the same fertilization condition (0.3% urea solution,10d intervals), were used as materials for the investigation of some horticultural indexes as well as the nutrition status of leaf and soil. Furthermore, the effect of fertilizer reduction (0.1% urea or compound fertilizer) on relieving the abnormal yellowing of leaves. [Results] 1) The results from the 2a old Orah’s investigation showed the significant difference among INS, FNS and IYS in seedling height, stem diameter, leaf number and root. 2) The nutritional diagnosis showed that the zinc deficiency in the leaves of IYS. The macro-element was accumulating in the soil of yellowing plants. 3) The chlorosis of indoor potted seedlings was effectively alleviated after fertilizer reduction, suggesting that 0.1% urea (or compound fertilizer) is appropriate. [Conclusion] Long-term application of 0.3% urea fertilizer solution leads to the accumulation of N, P and K, and the inhibition of Zn absorption, hence resulting in chlorosis. We recommend 0.1% urea is appropriate for indoor fertilization. |
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