| 龚占斌,鲁兴凯.不同授粉品种对高原红富士坐果率及品质影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(4): |
| 不同授粉品种对高原红富士坐果率及品质影响 |
| Effects of Different Pollination Varieties on Fruit Setting Rate and Fruit Quality of Highland ‘Red Fuji’Apple |
| 投稿时间：2017-03-16 修订日期：2017-05-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 授粉品种 高原红富士 坐果率 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Pollination variety, Highland ‘Red Fuji’ apple, Fruit setting rate, Fruit quality |
| 基金项目:昭通市人民政府苹果产业专项基金 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2067 |
| 全文下载次数: 2352 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 针对昭通红富士苹果坐果率低、果型不端正、果形指数偏低的现状，为稳步提升昭通红富士苹果产量和质量提供理论及技术支撑。以云贵高原的昭通红富士为对象，选取昭通栽培品种“新红星”、“昭锦”、“双帅”、专用授粉品种“红玛瑙”共4个苹果属资源，调查比较其花期、花粉萌发率，以及人工授粉对红富士苹果坐果率、果实品质的影响。4个品种对红富士进行人工授粉后，其花序坐果率及花朵坐果率均明显高于自然授粉，花序坐果率依次为新红星95.51%﹥红玛瑙94.57%﹥双帅92.13%﹥昭锦92.11%；花朵坐果率依次为红玛瑙87.08%﹥双帅81.56%﹥新红星76.92%﹥昭锦75.66%；花粉萌发率昭锦74.5%﹥红玛瑙72.34%﹥新红星69.94%﹥双帅44.88%；歪斜指数（DD）为自然授粉0.251﹥新红星0.179﹥昭锦0.168﹥红玛瑙0.154﹥双帅0.150，均达显著水平差异。结果表明：不同的授粉树品种对红富士苹果的硬度、可溶性固形物含量以及着色度、单果重、果型指数等果实外观品质有显著性影响，差异水平因品种不同而有所不同。授粉品种不足，授粉授精不良是造成昭通富士苹果歪斜的重要原因之一。所选用的四个品种均可作为昭通红富士苹果授粉树，综合表现以红玛瑙最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: In view of the current situation of low fruit setting rate, distorted fruit shape, low fruit shape index of Zhaotong ‘Red Fuji’ apple, the theory and technical support for high apple yield and high quality are badly in need of promoting the apple industry steadily there. ‘Red Fuji’ apple in the Yunnan-Guizhou Highland were took as samples in this study, and four local cultivated varieties were selected among them: ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Zhao Jin’(The local apple variety was selected from the bud mutation of Golden Delicious apple), ‘Shuangshuai’(Another local apple variety was selected from the bud mutation of Golden Delicious apple), specialized pollination variety ‘Red Agate’, so as to research and compare the flowering phase, pollen germination rate, and hand-pollination influence on fruit setting rate and fruit quality. ‘Red Fuji’ apple were pollinated by those four apple varieties, and it showed that the fruit setting rate of inflorescence and fruit setting rate of flower were better than that of natural pollination. The fruit setting rate of inflorescence of Starkrimson was 95.51%>Red Agate 94.57%>Shuangshuai 92.13%>Zhao Jin 92.11%, respectively; the fruit setting rate of flower of Red Agate was 87.08%>Shuangshuai 81.56%>Starkrimson 76.92%>Zhao Jin 75.66%; the pollen germination rate of Zhao Jin was 74.50%>Red Agate 72.34%>Starkrimson 69.94%>Shuangshuai 44.88%; the fruit distorsion index of natural pollination was 0.251>Starkrimson 0.179>Zhao Jin 0.168>Red Agate 0.154>Shuangshuai 0.150, and there were significant differences among all the above mentioned information. The results showed that different pollination varieties have significant different effects on the fruit qualities, such as fruit hardness, soluble solid contents, coloring degree, single fruit weight, fruit shape index, and so on. The difference level of fruit qualities differed in pollination varieties. Thus, short of pollination varieties and pollination adverse are important causes leading to fruit distorsion. Such four selected varieties could be used as pollination varieties for Zhaotong Red fuji, and Red Agate is the best choice.
Key words: Pollination variety, Highland ‘Red Fuji’ apple, Fruit setting rate, Fruit quality |
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