| 史祥宾,刘凤之,王孝娣,何锦兴,王春海,魏长存,王海波.无土栽培适宜葡萄品种的筛选研究初报[J].中国南方果树,2018,47(1): |
| 无土栽培适宜葡萄品种的筛选研究初报 |
| Preliminary Study on Selection of Suitable Grape Varieties for Soilless Cultivation |
| 投稿时间：2017-05-31 修订日期：2017-07-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 无土栽培 成花枝率 结果系数 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:soilless cultivation floral branches rate fructification coefficient yield fruit quality |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以87-1、京蜜、红地球、夏黑和金手指葡萄为试材，珍珠岩作为基质，Hoagland改良式营养液循环方式提供水分和养分，连续三年研究了设施无土栽培条件下不同葡萄品种生长发育的差异。结果表明，87-1、京蜜葡萄果实成花枝率均达到85%以上，结果系数达到1.50，可以满足生产的需要。夏黑和金手指的成花枝率分别为61.35%和36.38%，夏黑的结果系数仅为1.32，均显著低于87-1和京蜜。红地球葡萄在无土栽培条件下基本不能成花。果实产量方面，87-1葡萄的亩产超过2400kg，京蜜葡萄也超过1500kg，能够满足生产的要求。金手指葡萄亩产1245.51kg，夏黑葡萄出现严重的落花落果，亩产仅为796.95kg。果实品质方面，金手指、夏黑和京蜜葡萄的可溶性固形物含量均超过17%，可溶性总糖含量均超过15%，基本上可以满足生产要求。87-1由于产量过高，品质降低。因此，无土栽培87-1葡萄必须控制产量，参照京蜜葡萄以1500kg/亩左右为宜。综上所述，初步认为87-1和京蜜是适合无土栽培的葡萄品种，生产需要配合合理负载，亩产以1500kg为宜。金手指和夏黑葡萄需要继续调整营养液配方和管理方法，红地球不适合无土栽培生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The differences in growth and development of different Grape Varieties under the soilless cultivation conditions in greenhouse were studied for three consecutive years, with “87-1”, “jingmi”, “red globe”, “summer black” and “goldfinger” grapes as the test materials, perlite as the medium, and ‘Hoagland’ improved nutrient solution circulation were used to provide water and nutrients. The results showed that the floral branches rates of “87-1” and “jingmi” grapes reached more than 85%, and the fructufication coefficients were more than 1.30, which could meet the needs of production. The floral branches rates of “summer black” and “goldfinger” were 61.35% and 36.38%, with the fructufication coefficients 0.84 and 0.58, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of “87-1” and “jingmi”. “Red globe” grape could scarcely form flower buds in the soilless cultivation. The yield of “87-1” grape per mu was more than 2400kg, “jingmi” grape was more than 1500kg, which could meet the requirements of production . The yield per mu of “goldfinger” grape was 1245.51kg. The yied of “summer black” grape was only 796.95kg because of serious fruit droping . The soluble solids contents of “goldfinger”, “summer black” and “jingmi” grapes were more than 17% and soluble total sugar contents were more than 15%, which could basically meet the requirements of production. The fruit quality of “87-1” grape was bad due to the high yield. Therefore, the yield of soilless cultivation “87-1” grape must be strictly control and 1500 kg per mu was appropriate referencing to the “jingmi” grape. In summary, preliminary results showed that “87-1” and “jingmi” were suitable for soilless cultivation with a reasonable load, and 1500 kg per mu were appropriate. “Goldfinger” and “summer black” grapes should continue to adjust the nutrient solution formula and management methods. “Red globe” grape was not suitable for soilless cultivation. |
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