| 李琪,徐丰,白描,肖华,杨国顺,刘昆玉.葡萄冬芽主芽坏死情况调查与解剖分析[J].中国南方果树,2019,48(1): |
| 葡萄冬芽主芽坏死情况调查与解剖分析 |
| Investigation and Anatomical Analysis of main Bud Necrosis in Winter Bud of Grape |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-07 修订日期：2018-12-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄 冬芽 主芽坏死 花芽分化 调查 分析 |
| 英文关键词:grape winter bud main bud necrosis differentiation of flower bud investigation analyse |
| 基金项目:国家农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29-ZP-9 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的]探索葡萄冬芽主芽坏死的规律,分析影响主芽坏死的可能原因,为研究降低冬芽主芽坏死栽培技术措施提供理论依据。[方法]利用解剖观测的方式对湖南省、山东省等种植的‘红地球’冬芽进行对比观测；对湖南省种植的7种欧亚种葡萄(‘美人指’、‘香妃’、‘红罗莎里奥’、‘爱神玫瑰’、‘白罗莎里奥’、‘甲斐乙女’、‘红地球’),4种欧美种葡萄(‘摩尔多瓦’、‘金手指’、‘阳光玫瑰’、‘夏黑’)共计11个葡萄品种冬芽主芽坏死率进行统计学分析；对葡萄的萌芽期、摘心期、盛花期、第一次膨大期、浆果生长期、浆果成熟期、采果期、休眠期8个不同时期的冬芽主芽坏死情况进行追踪解剖观测。[结果](1)湖南省、山东省‘红地球’葡萄冬芽均存在主芽坏死现象,且湖南地区更严重。(2)湖南省主栽的11个葡萄品种均出现了主芽坏死现象,不同品种之间具有显著性差异(P>0.05),且欧亚种坏死程度显著大于欧美品种(P>0.05)。(3)主芽坏死高峰期为第一次膨大期和浆果成熟期,且主芽坏死一经形成不可逆转。(4)结果枝较营养枝主芽坏死率高,且各品种主芽坏死率较高的节位均集中在第7、8节位。[结论]第一次膨大期和浆果成熟期主芽坏死出现高峰期,初步推断是由于这两个时期树体营养急需造成主芽坏死严重,品种基因型、品种属性、树体营养不足、较高的赤霉素含量均可能是影响葡萄冬芽主芽坏死的主要因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [objective] to explore the rule of main bud necrosis of grape winter bud, analyze the possible cause of affecting main bud necrosis, and provide theoretical basis for the study of cultivation technique measures to reduce the main bud necrosis of grape winter bud. [methods] thewinter buds of‘ red earth’ planted in Hunan Province and Shandong Province were observed comparatively by anatomical observation. Seven kinds of Eurasian grapes planted in Hunan Province (‘beauty’, ‘princess’,‘red Rosario’ , ‘Eros rose’, ‘Bessario, Jiafie B’, ‘Red Earth’), four European and American grapes (‘Moldova’,‘Golden finger’ , ‘Sunshine Rose’,"summer Black") were studied. The main bud necrosis rate of winter bud of 11 grape varieties was analyzed statistically. The sprouting of grapes The main bud necrosis in winter buds of 8 different phenological stages were observed in bud stage, heart picking stage, full flowering stage, first expanding stage, berry growing stage, berry maturation stage, fruit picking stage and dormancy stage.[results] (1) there was main bud necrosis in winter bud of‘red earth ’grape in Hunan province, and it was more serious in Hunan area. (2) the main bud necrosis phenomenon appeared in 11 main grape varieties in Hunan Province. There were significant differences among different varieties (P > 0. 05), and the necrotic degree of Eurasia was significantly higher than that of European and American varieties (P > 0. 05). (3). The necrotic rate of main bud was higher than that of vegetative branch, and the node with higher necrosis rate of main bud was concentrated in No.8 node. [conclusion] the main bud necrosis peak appeared in the first expanding stage and berry ripening stage, and it was preliminarily inferred that the main bud necrosis was serious, the genotype, the variety attribute, and the nutrient deficiency of the tree in these two periods. The higher content of gibberellin may be the main factor affecting the main bud necrosis of grape winter bud. |
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