| 杨贵川,陈品文,冉晶,蒲成伟,吴小平,周泽弘,梁琴.测土配方施肥对葡萄土壤肥力及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2019,48(6): |
| 测土配方施肥对葡萄土壤肥力及果实品质的影响 |
| Effect of formula fertilization on soil fertility and fruit quality of grape |
| 投稿时间：2019-01-23 修订日期：2019-05-30 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20190052 |
| 中文关键词: 测土配方施肥 葡萄 土壤肥力 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Formulated fertilization grape Soil fertility Quality |
| 基金项目:国家产业技术体系四川省水果创新团队；国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)；南充市研发资金项目(16YFZJ0083) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究测土配方施肥对葡萄生长期土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响，为葡萄土壤养分管理和可持续生产提供依据。以4年生“醉金香葡萄”为材料，设计了9个测土配方施肥处理，测定了各处理5个葡萄生长关键期的土壤速效氮磷钾含量及采后果实品质。与常规施肥相比，测土配方施肥能调节及维持土壤速效氮磷钾含量，而采取当地常规施肥方式将加速土壤速效氮含量的富集和速效磷、速效钾含量的缺乏；改进的Nemerow肥力综合指数法评价结果显示，试验前土壤综合肥力为1.53，土壤肥力为Ⅱ级，配方施肥能提高土壤综合肥力0.03～0.23，部分处理将土壤肥力提高至Ⅰ级，其中，配方施肥处理1的土壤肥力最高，为1.76，而常规施肥土壤肥力下降了0.15；此外，测土配方施肥能显著提高醉金香葡萄产量、单果重、可溶性固形物和总糖含量，降低总酸含量；试验数据表明，醉金香葡萄采取每公顷施鸡粪12000kg、过磷酸钙1800kg、尿素675kg、磷酸一铵600kg、硫酸钾1125kg综合效益最佳，不仅能增加葡萄产量，改善果实品质，还能平衡土壤氮磷钾营养元素含量，对土壤综合肥力的提高效果也最为显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The article studied the effect of formula fertilization on the soil physicochemical properties content and the fruit quality of grape in different growing stage, In order to provide a theoretical basis for grape nutrient management and sustainable production. The four-year-old ‘Zuijinxiang’ Grapes were used as experimental material, The nine formula fertilization treatments were designed to determine the postharvest fruit quality and the root soil available N, P and K content in five different key periods of each treatment. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, Formulated fertilization treatments could regulate and maintain the soil available N, P and K contents. But the local conventional fertilization method would accelerate the enrichment of soil available N and lack of available P and available K. According to the Nemerow fertility index , the soil fertility pre-test was 1.53 which was levelⅡ. Formulated fertilization could improve the soil comprehensive fertility 0.03~0.23, but the conventional fertilization soil fertility decreased by 0.15. Partial formulated fertilization treatments increased the soil fertility to level I, among them, treatment 1 was the highest which was 1.76. Moreover, Formula fertilization could significantly improve the Single fruit weight, soluble solids and total sugar, significantly reduced the total acid content. The test data showed that the application of chicken manure 12 000 kg, superphosphate 1 800 kg, urea 675 kg, monoammonium phosphate 600 kg and potassium sulfate 1125 kg per-hectare was the best fertilization treatment, which not only significantly increased grape yield and improved fruit quality, but also balanced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil. It also had the most significant effect on improving soil comprehensive fertility. |
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