| 熊月明.不同季节对番木瓜育苗及种子发芽的影响[J].中国南方果树,2020,49(1): |
| 不同季节对番木瓜育苗及种子发芽的影响 |
| Effects on the seedling and seed germination of papaya of different seasons |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-04 修订日期：2019-06-17 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20190186 |
| 中文关键词: 番木瓜 育苗 智能温室 季节 发芽率 |
| 英文关键词:Papaya Sseedling SintelligentSgreenhouse Sseasonal SgerminationSrate |
| 基金项目:福建科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2017R1013-8);农业农村部农垦局资源保护项目(151821301354052701-6) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】迄今生产上番木瓜大多用种子育苗, 在自然条件下发芽率仅为30%-50%,发芽时间约需1个月,从播种到苗木出圃时间需2个月以上,且苗木生长参差不齐,导致管理困难,育苗成本高。【方法】为提高番木瓜的育苗效率,于2015－2017年,借助福建省农业科学院以色列育苗工厂设备设施条件,进行番木瓜在一年中不同季节育苗试验。【结果】结果表明：在设施栽培条件下,春季(温度18－32℃)和秋季(温度20－33℃)发芽率达90%以上,幼苗生长整齐粗壮、根系发达、须根丰富,从播种到苗木出圃时间为40 d ；夏季(温度25－38℃)和冬季(温度10－25℃)发芽率为62%－85%,夏季从播种到苗木出圃时间为 30 d,幼苗生长整齐,但生长细长,主根系发达,但须根较少；冬季从播种到苗木出圃时间为45 d,幼苗生长不整齐,但侧根和须根生长正常。【结论】说明,在设施栽培条件下四季育苗的发芽率均高于在自然条件下春秋两季的发芽率(30%-50%)；设施栽培条件下春秋两季的育苗效率与苗木质量最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objects】 So far, papaya are mainly raised by seeds. The germination rate under natural conditions is low, reaching only 30%-50%. The germination time is about one month and the time from sowing to qualified seedling is more than two months. The seedling growth is uneven, which leads to difficult management and high costs. 【Methods】In order to improve the seedling-raising efficiency of papaya, the experiment of growing papaya seedlings in different seasons was carried out with the help of equipment and facilities of Israel seedling-raising factory which belong to Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2015-2017. 【Results】The results showed that under the condition of facility cultivation, the germination rate of papaya in spring (temperature 18-32℃) and autumn (temperature 20-33℃) reached more than 90%, and the seedlings grew uniformly, with well-developed roots and abundant fibrous roots The time from sowing to qualified seedling was 40 days. The germination rate was 62%-85% in summer (temperature 25-38℃) and winter (temperature 10-25℃). The time from sowing to qualified seedling in summer was 30 days. The seedlings grew uniformly, the main root system was strong, but the fibrous roots are few; the time from sowing to qualified seedling in winter was 45 days. The seedlings grow irregularly, but the lateral roots and fibrous roots grow normally. 【Conclusion】The results indicated that the germination rate under the condition of facility cultivation was higher than that under natural conditions in spring and autumn. The seedling-raising efficiency and seedling quality under the condition of facility cultivation in spring and autumn reach most optimum. |
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