| 许姗姗,孔宝华.云南苹果园根际真菌的分离与鉴定[J].中国南方果树,2019,48(6): |
| 云南苹果园根际真菌的分离与鉴定 |
| Isolation and Identification of Rhizosphere Fungi in Yunnan Apple Orchard |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-06 修订日期：2019-07-12 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20190256 |
| 中文关键词: 云南，苹果，根际, 真菌 |
| 英文关键词:Yunnan, apple, rhizosphere,fungi |
| 基金项目:中国科学院重点资助项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了弄清云南苹果产区根际真菌种群与分布，从云南主要苹果产区的6个市（县）采集根部病害样品，观察并记录其在田间的危害症状，采用组织分离法分离与纯化获得200份真菌分离物，利用真菌ITS通用引物进行PCR扩增和测序并与序列BLAST比对，同时结合真菌形态分析鉴定分离获得的真菌属种。研究表明苹果根际真菌包含有致病菌、有益拮抗真菌、腐生菌、内生真菌与环境代谢真菌几种类型。在分离获得的真菌分离物中，根腐病致病菌和拮抗真菌占大部分，分离率分别为31.15%和22.11%，其次为果实病害的致病菌分离率为8.04%，叶部病害的致病菌分离率为7.04%，腐生菌种群获得分离率为4.02%，枝干病害的致病菌分离率为2.5%，内生真菌粉红螺旋聚孢霉分离率为1%，木质纤维素降解真菌粗糙脉孢菌分离率为0.5%。此外，研究发现一些功能尚无研究的根际真菌。根腐病优势致病菌尖孢镰刀菌分布于马龙、泸西，具有较高检出率，宁蒗次之，其余果园没有检测出此菌；腐皮镰刀菌仅分布在宁蒗、泸西、与丽江；引起苹果轮纹病和苹果枝干溃疡病的葡萄座腔菌分布于马龙、昭通、泸西；属于拮抗性真菌的木霉属和毛霉属真菌在云南苹果产区分布广泛。
研究推断苹果园根际微生物是存在致病菌与生物防治菌之间的互相对抗与斗争。根际腐生，功能不明的微生物需要进一步研究明确。研究为云南苹果果园根部病害的防控，调整根际微生物菌群促进苹果产量品质的提升奠定基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the population and distribution of rhizosphere fungi in Yunnan apple producing areas, samples of root diseases were collected from 6 cities (counties) in main apple producing areas of Yunnan, and their harmful symptoms in the field were observed and recorded. 200 fungal isolates were isolated and purified by tissue isolation method. According to morphology and ITS universal primers of fungi, PCR, sequencing and sequence BLAST were performed. The isolated fungi were identified by combining the morphology of fungi with the results of PCR sequencing. Studies have shown that Apple rhizosphere fungi include pathogenic fungi, beneficial antagonistic fungi, saprophytic fungi, endophytic fungi and environmental metabolic fungi. The isolation rates of root rot pathogens and antagonistic fungi were 31.15% and 22.11%, respectively. The isolation rates of fruit disease pathogens were 8.04%, leaf disease pathogens were 7.04%, saprophytic fungi were 4.02%, branch disease pathogens were 2.5% and endophytic fungi Spirulina pink were 8.04%, 7.04%, 4.02% and 2.5%, respectively. The isolation rate of the degrading fungus Neurospora crudela was 0.5%. In addition, the function of some rhizosphere fungi has not been studied. Fusarium oxysporum, the dominant pathogen of root rot, was distributed in Malong and Luxi, with a high detection rate, followed by Ninglang, and no detection was found in other orchards; Fusarium oxysporum was only distributed in Ninglang, Luxi and Lijiang; Staphylococcus, which caused apple ring rot and apple trunk ulcer, was distributed in Malong, Zhaotong and Luxi; Trichoderma and Mucor were antagonistic fungi. Yunnan apple production area is widely distributed.
It was concluded that there were confrontations and struggles between pathogenic bacteria and biocontrol bacteria in apple orchard rhizosphere. Rhizosphere saprophytic microorganisms with unknown functions need further study. The study laid a foundation for the prevention and control of root diseases in apple orchards in Yunnan, and for the improvement of apple yield and quality by adjusting rhizosphere microbial flora. |
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