| 吴静娜.荔枝中氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的消解残留及膳食摄入风险[J].中国南方果树,2020,49(1): |
| 荔枝中氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的消解残留及膳食摄入风险 |
| Residue and dietary intale risk of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in litchi |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-10 修订日期：2019-06-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 氯氰菊酯 毒死蜱 残留 消解动态 荔枝 膳食风险 |
| 英文关键词:cypermethrin chlorpyrifos residue degradation dynamics litchi dietary risk |
| 基金项目:热带水果中农药残留跟踪与安全性评估（GJFP201800402） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探明氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在荔枝果肉及果皮中的消解动态及残留状况，对其安全性进行风险评估。采用气相色谱对荔枝田间试验样品进行农药残留检测。在荔枝果肉和果皮中添加氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱0.01~1.00 mg/kg，平均回收率为87.1%~101.1%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.9%~5.2%。2种农药在果肉和果皮中的定量限（LOQ）均为0.010 mg/kg。氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在果肉和果皮中的原始沉积量与施药剂量在0.01水平上显著相关，其残留消解动态均符合一级动力学方程。氯氰菊酯在果肉和果皮中的半衰期（T0.5）分别为6.2 d和7.9 d，消解99%所需要的时间（T0.99）为41.3 d和52.6 d；毒死蜱在果肉和果皮中的半衰期（T0.5）为2.6d和10.4 d，消解99%所需要的时间（T0.99）为17.1d和69.0 d。不同施药量和施药次数，末次施药21d后，荔枝果肉中毒死蜱未检出，氯氰菊酯30d后未检出，45d后果皮上的氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱残留量均未超过规定的最大残留限量。无论儿童还是老年人，荔枝果肉中氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的膳食风险均在可接受范围内。综合最终残留量和膳食风险评估，建议安全采收期为施药后45 d。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The degradation dynamics and residues of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in litchi fruit and peel were investigated and their safety was evaluated. The pesticide residues in litchi field experiment samples were detected by gas chromatography. Average recoveries of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos at 0.01 to 1.00 mg?kg-1 spiked levels ranged from 87.1% to 101.1% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.9 % to 5.2 %. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of two pesticides were 0.010 mg/kg in pulp and peel. Original deposition in pulp and peel was significantly correlated with the dosage of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos at 0.01 level. The degradation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in pulp and peel samples proved to follow the first order kinetic equation. The half-life (T0.5) of cypermethrin in pulp and peel were 6.2 days and 7.9 days, 99% elimination time (T0.99) was 41.3 days and 52.6 days, respectively, T0.5 of chlorpyrifos in pulp and peel was 2.6 days and 10.4 days, T0.99 was 17.1 days and 69.0 days.No chlorpyrifos residue could be detected in pulp after 21 days and cypermethrin was not detected after 30 days with different dosage and times of application. The residue of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in peel was lower than the value of maximal residue limits after 45 days. The dietary risk showed that the risk of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in litchi pulp is acceptable both in children and in the elderly. The safe harvesting interval should be 45 days according to the final residue and dietary risk assessment. |
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