| 杨晓,龚林忠,张瑛,陈徐飞,王梦瑶,张楠,王琦.4省葡萄果实病害发生与危害调查[J].中国南方果树,2021,50(1): |
| 4省葡萄果实病害发生与危害调查 |
| Investigation on occurrence and damage of grape fruit diseases in 4 provinces |
| 投稿时间：2020-07-27 修订日期：2020-08-31 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20200512 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄酸腐病 黑曲霉病 葡萄炭疽病 病害调查 |
| 英文关键词:grape sour rot Aspergillus Niger grape ripe rot disease investigation |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系专项资金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解湖北、湖南、江西和广西4省葡萄果实病害危害程度，调查各地葡萄果实病害发生及农药使用情况。结果表明：酸腐病和黑曲霉病在4省危害范围最广，炭疽病危害程度次之，灰霉病和白腐病危害较轻。湖北和湖南部分地区酸腐病发病率高达33.0%以上，病情指数最高为24.6；江西省吉安市酸腐病发病率高达22.0%。4省均遭受不同程度的黑曲霉病危害，在湖北省京山市‘夏黑’葡萄上，黑曲霉病发病率高达42.0%，其危害程度显著高于其他地区（P < 0.05）。湖北省武汉市和京山市未见明显炭疽病危害，广西省炭疽病危害严重。因此，4省都需加强对酸腐病、黑曲霉病的防治，广西省还需重视对炭疽病的防治。各地葡萄果实病害防治对象主要为炭疽病、灰霉病、白腐病和白粉病，但对酸腐病和黑曲霉病缺乏有效防治手段。建议各省合理使用化学杀菌剂，注重综合防治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the damage of grape fruit diseases in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangxi provinces, the occurrence of grape fruit diseases and the use of pesticides were investigated. The results showed that grape sour rot and Aspergillus Niger were the most widespread in four provinces, followed by grape ripe rot, while grape grey mold and grape white rot were the least. In Hubei and Hunan, the incidence rate of grape sour rot is over 33%, and the disease index is 24.6. The incidence rate of grape sour rot in Ji''an City, Jiangxi Province is as high as 22%. 4 provinces were all exposed to different degrees of Aspergillus Niger. The incidence rate of Aspergillus Niger of "Summer Black" grape in Jingshan City, Hubei Province was 42%, and the degree of damage was significantly higher than that in other regions（P < 0.05）. No obvious grape ripe rot was found in Wuhan and Jingshan of Hubei Province, but grape ripe rot was serious in Guangxi Province. Therefore, the 4 provinces should to strengthen the control of grape sour rot and Aspergillus Niger, Guangxi Province also needs to pay more attention to the control of grape ripe rot. The main control objects of grape fruit diseases in the 4 provinces are grape ripe rot, grape grey mold, grape white rot and grape powdery mildew. There is no effective control method for grape sour rot and Aspergillus Niger. It is suggested that all provinces should reasonably use chemical fungicides. |
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