| 查晋燕,魏志远,姜成东,王家保,王树军,李焕苓.化肥减施与有机肥增施对荔枝秋梢生长及叶片质量的影响[J].中国南方果树,2021,50(1): |
| 化肥减施与有机肥增施对荔枝秋梢生长及叶片质量的影响 |
| Effects of reduced inorganic fertilizer and increased organic fertilizer on growth and leaf quality of litchi autumn shoot |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-05 修订日期：2020-12-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝 有机肥 化肥减施 正交实验 |
| 英文关键词:litchi organic fertilizer fertilizer reduction orthogonal experiment |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目,海南省重点研发计划项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究化肥减施与有机肥增施对荔枝秋梢生长及叶片质量的影响。【方法】以‘妃子笑’荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）为试材，采用L9(34) 正交设计方法，研究不同的枝叶还田方式和有机肥、无机肥的种类和施用量对荔枝的秋梢的秋梢总长、末次秋梢的长度、粗度、复叶数及小叶数和秋梢叶片的叶面积、比叶重，叶绿素含量及光合作用的影响。【结果】T6和T7的秋梢总长、末次秋梢小叶数等性状显著优于其他处理，枝叶还田对秋梢的生长具有明显的正向促进作用；2019年叶片干重、叶面积、比叶重和叶绿素含量等指标较2018年全部都有明显提高，两年的试验结果以T7最优。土壤增施有机质和有机肥可以提高叶片质量；T9叶片净光合速率最高，无机肥对净光合速率的影响最大。【结论】T7（枝叶粉碎深埋+羊粪10kg+过磷酸钙1kg+尿素0.25kg）是最适合该果园秋梢生长的施肥方式；本试验中影响荔枝秋梢生长和叶片质量的主要因素为枝叶还田方式和有机肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【 Objective 】To investigate the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing organic fertilizer application on the growth and quality of litchi autumn shoot and leaves.【 Method 】An L9(34) orthogonal table was used to arrange three tested factors, i.e., management methods of pruned branches and leaves, organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer in a ‘Feizixiao’ litchi orchard. Indexes about the quality of litchi autumn branches and leaves were compared among the different treatments.【 Results 】The total length of autumn shoot and the number of lobules of the last autumn shoot in T6 and T7 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments. Addition of the smashed pruned branches and leaves to the fields had an obvious positive effect on the growth of autumn shoot. The leaf dry weight, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content of leaves in 2019 were all significantly improved compared with those in 2018. The T7 treatment showed the best results according to the two-year test. Soil organic matter and organic fertilizer could enhance the quality of leaves. Leaves from T9 treatment had the highest net photosynthetic rate, and inorganic fertilizer had the most significant effect on net photosynthetic rate. 【 Conclusion 】T7 (deeply buried the smashed branches and leaves + 10kg goat manure+ 1kg superphosphate + 0.25kg urea) is the most suitable fertilization method for the growth of autumn shoots in this study. In this experiment, the main factors affecting the growth and leaf quality of litchi autumn shoot were management methods of pruned branches and leaves and organic fertilizer. |
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