| 李树成,王印宝,赵显阳,吴帆,肖刘华,陈明,陈金印,向妙莲.翠冠梨果实采后病原菌分离鉴定及室内毒力测定[J].中国南方果树,2021,50(6): |
| 翠冠梨果实采后病原菌分离鉴定及室内毒力测定 |
| Identification of Postharvest Pathogens and Toxicity Test of Fungicides to ‘Cuiguan’ Pear |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-05 修订日期：2021-02-05 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20210091 |
| 中文关键词: 梨；采后病害 病原真菌；分离鉴定；毒力测定 |
| 英文关键词:Pear postharvest disease pathogenic fungi isolation and identification toxicity test |
| 基金项目:江西省果蔬采后处理关键技术及质量安全协同创新中心项目（JXGS-03）；江西省自然科学基金项目（20192BAB204018）；江西省教育厅研究项目（GJJ160355） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究按照柯赫氏法则对翠冠梨果实采后病害进行了病原物的分离、纯化、致病性测定,采用形态学观察、分子生物学方法鉴定,结果表明：翠冠梨果实采后3种主要致病菌分别为链格孢菌(Alternaria gaisen)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)。基于此,采用生长速率法测定不同杀菌剂对A.gaisen和T.roseum菌丝生长的抑制作用,采用牛津杯法测定不同杀菌剂对P.expansum的毒力大小,结果表明,95%己唑醇对A.gaisen毒力最强,EC50为0.519 μg/m；95%戊唑醇对T.roseum抑制效果最好,EC50为2.351 μg/mL；对P.expansum抑制效果较好的为25%吡唑醚菌酯,EC50为74.817 μg/mL。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, postharvest pathogens associated with pear fruit isolated from ‘CuiGuan’ in China were subject to molecular and rDNA-ITS analyses. Pathogenicity of isolates obtained from the naturally diseased fruits during storage was tested by verifial standard means of the koch" s rules. The results showed the four pathogens causing pear postharvest diseases were Alternaria gaisen, Penicillium expansum and Trichothecium roseum based on morphologic characteristics and multilocus phylogeny analysis. Toxicity test of different fungicides to A.gaisen and T.roseum was carried out in the laboratory by using mycelium growth rate method, and the results showed that 95% hexaconazole had the strongest toxicity to A.gaisen with EC50 of 0.519 μg/mL; 95% tebuconazole had the best inhibitory effect on T.roseum with EC50 of 2.351 μg/mL. The toxicity of different fungicides on P.expansum was determined by oxford cup method and the results showed that 25% pyraclostrobin had the best inhibitory effect with EC50 of 74.817 μg/mL. |
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