| 杨储丰,虞秀明,郑洁.柑橘园行间生草对土壤养分的影响[J].中国南方果树,2022,51(1): |
| 柑橘园行间生草对土壤养分的影响 |
| Effects of cover crops intercropping on the contents of soil nutrients in an orange orchard |
| 投稿时间：2021-05-06 修订日期：2021-06-15 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20210293 |
| 中文关键词: 柑橘园 行间生草 土壤有机质 土壤养分 |
| 英文关键词:orange orchard cover crops intercropping soil total organic matter soil nutrients |
| 基金项目:中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目——柑橘新优品种及高效优质栽培技术推广(沪[2018]TG01号)；上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目——上海柑橘省力化、机械化栽培模式研究(G181206)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同生草处理对柑橘园土壤养分的影响，在‘宫川’柑橘园进行行间生草处理，设置自然生草及黑麦草、野豌豆、黄花苜蓿、菊苣、高羊茅和鼠茅草6个人工生草处理，对不同草种的干鲜重及0-20cm土层pH值、有机质、大量元素、中量元素和微量元素含量等养分指标进行测定分析。结果表明：（1）野豌豆和黑麦草的干重占鲜重的比例较其它草种低；（2）行间种植黑麦草和野豌豆对春秋季橘园土壤有机质的促累积作用较好；（3）与其它草种相比，春秋季野豌豆生草处理的土壤水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均较高；（4）行间种植黑麦草和野豌豆对秋季土壤中交换性钙含量的提升效果优于其它草种，而行间种植黑麦草和黄花苜蓿对秋季土壤中交换性镁含量的提升效果较好；（5）野豌豆生草处理的春季土壤有效锰、有效锌、有效铜含量及秋季土壤有效硼含量均高于其他草种，野豌豆和菊苣、黑麦草、自然生草和野豌豆生草处理分别对秋季土壤有效铁、有效锌和有效铜、有效钼含量的提升效果更显著。橘园行间生草可有效调节土壤有机质、大量元素、中量元素和微量元素的供给能力，但不同生草类型的调控效果各异。与其它草种相比，行间种植野豌豆和黑麦草对橘园土壤养分的综合提升效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the contents of soil nutrients in response to cover crop cultivation in an orange orchard. The experiment was performed in an orange orchard with cultivar ‘Gong-Chuan’ orange (Citrus umshiu MARC). The following species were used as cover crops: naturally grown grass, Lolium perenne L., Vicia sepium L., Medicago falcata L., Cichorium intybus L., Festuca arundinacea and Vulpia myuros C. The fresh weight and dry weight of different cover crops were measured. Soil samples at the depth of 0-20 cm were collected to determine the soil pH value, total organic matter, available macronutrients (hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium), and available medium elements (exchangeable calcium and magnesium), and available micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum) were estimated. In the orange orchard, the proportions of dry weight to fresh weight of Lolium perenne L. and Vicia sepium L. were lower than that of other cover crops, which contributes to the retention of soil moisture more efficiently. The cultivation of Lolium perenne L. and Vicia sepium L. intercropped with orange trees enabled a greater accumulation of total organic matter stock in soil in spring and autumn compared to all other treatments. Vicia sepium L. cultivation resulted in the relatively higher contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil in spring and autumn. The exchangeable calcium content at 0-20 cm soil layer under Lolium perenne L. and Vicia sepium L. cultivation was remarkably enhanced in comparison with other treatments in autumn, whereas the exchangeable magnesium content was higher under Lolium perenne L. and Medicago falcata L. cultivation. Vicia sepium L. is a promising cover crop for soil available manganese, zinc and copper supply in spring and available boron supply in autumn, Vicia sepium L. and Cichorium intybus L. for available iron supply, Lolium perenne L. for available zinc and copper supply, naturally grown grass and Vicia sepium L. for available molybdenum supply in autumn. The cultivation of cover crops intercropped with orange trees could effectively regulate total organic matter, macronutrients, medium elements and micronutrients supply in soil. However, different cover crops possess different effects on soil nutrients in the orange orchard. Overall, Lolium perenne L. and Vicia sepium L. cultivation had better effects on the improvement of soil nutrients at 0-20 cm soil layer. |
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