| 黄新忠,曾少敏,陈小明.避雨栽培梨园不同土层养分变化趋势分析[J].中国南方果树,2022,51(3): |
| 避雨栽培梨园不同土层养分变化趋势分析 |
| Analysis on the change trend of soil nutrients in pear orchard under rain-shelter cultivation and its water and fertilizer management strategies |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-12 修订日期：2021-11-01 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20210376 |
| 中文关键词: 梨 避雨 土壤养分 变化趋势 |
| 英文关键词:pear rain-shelter cultivation soil nutrient change trend fertilizer and water management |
| 基金项目:福建省公益类科研院所专项(2019R1028-2)、国家梨产业技术体系(CARS-28-35)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为使避雨栽培梨园肥水管理更具适配性。【方法】以露地栽培梨园为对照,研究避雨与露地栽培梨园不同土层营养变化趋势差异。【结果】结果表明：避雨栽培梨园随着种植年限增加,浅层土壤pH值呈逐年上升而深层土壤呈逐年下降趋势,有机质含量较露地栽培提高；碱解氮、有效磷、有效锌积累过程显著或极显著高于露地栽培；有效钾、有效镁含量变化趋势与露地栽培一致,呈逐年消减过程；有效钙、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜含量明显低于露地栽培。【结论】避雨栽培梨园有机肥单位面积施用量可以年均每666.7m2施用有机质含量45%、总养分含量≥5%成品有机肥800kg作为的参考基准；在矿质营养施用上注重控氮、减磷、增钾、补镁,并做到化肥深施和定期灌溉补水,以减轻或控制浅层土壤盐渍化与深层土壤酸化,和提高有效钙、有效铁等含量水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The aim of this study was to improve the adaptability of fertilizer and water management for rain-sheltering cultivation in pear orchard.【Method】The different change trends of soil nutrients in different soil layers of pear orchards under rain-shelter and open-field cultivation were analyzed, using the open-field cultivation as the control.【Result】The results showed that: with the increase of planting years, the pH value of shallow soil increased year by year while that of deep soil decreased, and the content of organic matter in rain-shelter cultivation was higher than that in open-field cultivation. The accumulation process of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available zinc was significantly or very significantly higher than that of open-field cultivation. The change trend of available K and available Mg content was consistent with that of open cultivation, showing a decreasing process year by year. The contents of available calcium, iron, manganese and copper were significantly lower than those of open cultivation. 【Conclusion】The commodity organic fertilizer 800kg with 45% organic matter content and ≥5% total nutrient content per 666.7m2 per year could be used as the reference benchmark of organic fertilizer application rate per unit area of rain-shelter cultivation pear orchard. In the application of mineral nutrition, attention should be paid to controlling nitrogen, reducing phosphorus, increasing potassium and supplementing magnesium, and deep application of chemical fertilizer and regular irrigation to reduce or control shallow soil salinization and deep soil acidification, and improve the content of available calcium and iron. |
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