| 徐小菊,何风杰,金伟,黄雪燕,陈梦莹,张仙平,高洪勤,徐春燕,叶海波,贾惠娟.不同树形对设施促早葡萄生长、品质及效益的影响[J].中国南方果树,2022,51(4): |
| 不同树形对设施促早葡萄生长、品质及效益的影响 |
| Effect of different tree shapes on growth and fruit quality and economic benefit of grape in greenhouse |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-11 修订日期：2021-09-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 树形 设施栽培 葡萄 品质 效益 |
| 英文关键词:tree shape greenhouse grape fruit quality economic benefit |
| 基金项目:浙江省三农六方科技协作项目“根域限制栽培在葡萄产业中的应用研究”(CTZB-F170623LWZ-SNY1-16)、台州市科技计划项目“设施葡萄提质增效技术创新集成与示范”(1901ny01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本试验以2年生鄞红葡萄为试材，研究不同树形对鄞红葡萄树体生长发育、果实品质、用工及种植效益的影响。结果表明：T形和H形可以显著提高枝蔓径髓比和木质化程度，径髓比分别对照较提高22.4%、14.2%，木质化程度提高10个百分点以上。萌芽率T形最高，达88.2%，其次为H形，较对照分别提高了14.0和6.7个百分点，差异显著。H形和T形果穗整齐度分别达到90.8%和82.1%，均显著高于对照；果实着色度和可溶性固性物含量，H形和T形较对照均有显著提高，着色度提高6.87-9.43个百分点，可溶性固性物含量提高15%以上，果实品质明显提高。T形和H形可以不同程度地减轻病害发生、减少裂果，效果以T形最佳，炭疽病、白粉病发病率和裂果率均为0。与对照相比，两种树形的冬剪、绑蔓等用工显著降低，枝蔓管理用工量减少了23.57%，T形和H形的亩效益分别提高20.0%和7.8%。综合来看，T形和H形的枝条更充实，萌芽率更高，果实品质更好，省工节本，效益提高，效果以T形最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Two-year-old ‘Yinhong’ grape were sampled to study the effects of different tree shapes on growth and fruit quality and economic benefit of grape in greenhouse. The results showed that the grape trellis of “T” and “H” could significantly improve the ratio of diameter and pith and the lignifucation degree of branches, and the ratio of diameter and pith was increased by 22.4% and 14.2% respectively compared with the control while the lignifucation degree of branches increased by more than 10%. The germination rate of T-shaped was the highest, which was up to 88.2%, followed by H-shaped, which increased by 14.0 and 6.7 percentage points respectively compared with the control. The fruit uniformity of H-shaped and T-shaped reached 90.8% and 82.1% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control. The fruit coloration and soluble solid content with H-shape and T-shape were significantly higher than those of the control, while the fruit coloration increased by 6.87-9.43% and the soluble solid content increased by more than 15%, therefore the fruit quality was significantly improved. The occurrence of diseases and fruit cracking with T-shaped and H-shaped were reduced in different degree, and the T-shaped had the best effect which could reduced the incidence rate of anthrax and white rot to zero. Compared with the control, the employment of winter pruning and vine binding of the two kinds of trees were significantly reduced, and the labor volume of branch and vine management decreased by 23.57%. The economic benefit per 667 square meters of T-shaped and H-shaped were improved by 20.0% and 7.8% respectively. On the whole, the T-shaped and H-shaped had richer branches, higher germination rate, better fruit quality, more labor-saving and cost-effective, and the T-shaped had the best effect. |
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