| 李清斌,韦颖,范凯锋,李盈盈,秦奔奔,黄新,曹艳艳.冬春季异常天气对枇杷生长发育影响[J].中国南方果树,2023,52(2): |
| 冬春季异常天气对枇杷生长发育影响 |
| Effects of unusual weather in winter and spring Seasons on loquat flower and fruit development, yield and quality |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-17 修订日期：2022-04-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 枇杷 连阴雨 暖冬 发育期 果实产量品质 |
| 英文关键词:Loquat Continuous rainfall Warm winter Developmental period Fruit yield and quality |
| 基金项目:宁波市气象局科技项目(NBQX2018013B)；浙江省重点研发计划子项目(2018C02011) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本试验筛选出连阴雨年份（2018～2019）、“暖冬”年份（2019～2020）以及未出现上述异常天气的对照（ck）年份（2017～2018）3个枇杷花果期发育年份，将各年份枇杷发育期，果实产量、品质数据等观测指标分析：（1）冬季连阴雨年份花期缩短，但由于该年度未有低于-3℃冻害影响，对后期果实膨大幼果生长发育等关键生育期均无明显影响；暖冬年份春芽开放期较对照年份提前了两周左右，果实成熟期较上两个年度提前了5～6d，其它发育期受非冻害的冬春季异常天气影响不明显；（2）暖冬和连阴雨年份等冬春季非冻害异常天气，对枇杷产量影响较少，甚至还带来一定程度增产，侧面反映冬春季制约枇杷产量的主要因素还是冻害；（3）从果实生长曲线和果实品质对比发现，果实的膨大和果实品质的产生主要受4月之后的天气条件影响，前期的异常天气对膨大后果实发育和果实品质影响有限。故在保证花期不受冻害的条件下，重点调控果实进入迅速膨大期后的4～5月份温、湿、光照等气象要素条件，有助于调控果实品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, three loquat flowering and fruit development years were screened out, including continuous rainfall years ( 2018～2019 ), ' warm winter ' years ( 2019～2020 ) and the control ( ck ) years without the above abnormal weather ( 2017～2018 ). The observation indexes of loquat development period, fruit yield and quality data were compared and analyzed. The results showed that : ( 1 ) The flowering period of winter continuous rainy years was shortened. However, because there was no effect of freezing injury below ? 3 °C in this year, it had no significant effect on the key growth stages such as the growth and development of young fruit in the later stage. The spring bud opening period in warm winter years was about two weeks earlier than that in the control year, and the fruit maturity period was 5 – 6 days earlier than that in the previous two years. Other development periods were not significantly affected by the abnormal weather in winter and spring. ( 2 ) Abnormal weather in winter and spring such as warm winter and continuous rainy years had little effect on loquat yield, and even brought a certain degree of yield increase, which reflected that the main factor restricting loquat yield in winter and spring was frost damage. ( 3 ) From the comparison of fruit growth curve and fruit quality, it was found that fruit expansion and fruit quality were mainly affected by weather conditions after April, and the early abnormal weather had limited influence on fruit development and fruit quality after expansion. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring that the flowering period is not affected by freezing, the meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity and light from May to April when the fruit enters the rapid expansion period are mainly regulated, which is helpful to regulate the fruit quality.It is of great significance to study the influence law of abnormal climatic conditions at flowering and fruiting stages of loquat in winter and spring to ensure the stable yield, disaster reduction and income increase of loquat. |
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