| 段永华.不同农药及施用方法对草莓植株和果实农残含量的影响[J].中国南方果树,2023,52(4): |
| 不同农药及施用方法对草莓植株和果实农残含量的影响 |
| Effects of different pesticides and application methods on pesticide residues in strawberry plants and fruits |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-01 修订日期：2022-11-07 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20220523 |
| 中文关键词: 农药 遮果 草莓植株 果实 农残含量 |
| 英文关键词:Pesticides Covering fruit Strawberry plant Fruit Pesticide residue content |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，随着玉溪市草莓产业迅速发展，加之连年种植和设施栽培的推广，草莓病虫害发生呈逐年加重的趋势，施药量明显增多。这不但加大了果实安全以及环境污染的风险，而且严重影响草莓的声誉和市场。为提高草莓产量和品质，本文以三唑酮和二嗪磷为试材，研究浇施、喷施和遮果喷施作业对草莓植株和果实农残含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同品种草莓果实农残含量差异明显，而且植株农残含量比果实高；（2）延长采果期和遮果喷药可大幅降低草莓果实农残含量；（3）叶面喷施比根部浇施处理草莓植株和果实农残含量高，施用二嗪磷（杀虫剂）比三唑酮(杀菌剂)农残含量高。同时，提出采取塑料布遮果喷药，推广种植高抗、高降解农残品种，实施农业、物理和生物防治，培育强壮植株，调控生长环境、减少果实病虫害发生以及延缓果实成熟、加长采果间隔期等措施，可有效降低草莓果实农残含量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, with the rapid development of strawberry industry in Yuxi City, and the promotion of continuous planting and protected cultivation, the occurrence of strawberry diseases and pests has been increasing year by year, and the amount of pesticide application has increased significantly. This not only increases the risk of fruit safety and environmental pollution, but also seriously affects the reputation and market of strawberry. In order to improve the yield and quality of strawberry, Triadimefon and diazinon were used as test materials to study the effects of watering, spraying and covering spraying on the pesticide residue content of strawberry plants and fruits. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in the content of pesticide residues in strawberry fruits of different varieties, and the content of pesticide residues in plants was higher than that in fruits; (2) Prolonging the fruit picking period and covering the fruit with spraying can significantly reduce the pesticide residue content of strawberry fruit; (3) The pesticide residue content of strawberry plants and fruits sprayed on the leaves was higher than that sprayed on the roots, and that of diazinon (insecticide) was higher than that of Triadimefon (fungicide). At the same time, it is proposed that the pesticide content of strawberry fruit can be effectively reduced by covering the fruit with plastic cloth, spreading and planting high resistance and high degradation pesticide residues, implementing agricultural, physical and biological control, cultivating strong plants, regulating the growth environment, reducing the occurrence of fruit diseases and pests, delaying fruit ripening and lengthening the fruit picking interval. |
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