| 张敏,彭志军,赵凯,周俊良,马玉华.采后复合肥、中微量元素配施施肥 对‘蜂糖李’根际土壤、叶片养分及果实产量、品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2023,52(4): |
| 采后复合肥、中微量元素配施施肥 对‘蜂糖李’根际土壤、叶片养分及果实产量、品质的影响 |
| Effects of postharvest application of compound fertilizer combined with medium and trace element on rhizosphere soil, leaf nutrients, fruit yield and quality of ''Fengtang'' plum |
| 投稿时间：2022-11-23 修订日期：2022-12-26 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20220694 |
| 中文关键词: 蜂糖李 采后施肥 土壤养分 叶片养分 果实产量 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Fengtang plum Postharvest fertilization soil nutrients leaf nutrients fruit yield fruit quality |
| 基金项目:贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑[2020]1Y111号）；贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]重点018号)；贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]025-1)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究采后施肥对蜂糖李果园土壤、叶片养分、果实产量及品质的影响,为蜂糖李施肥提供依据。【方法】选择5年生、生长正常、树势一致的‘蜂糖李’作为供试材料。设3个处理：采后施平衡型(15-15-15)复合肥+中微量元素(处理A)、采后施高钾(16-8-21)复合肥+中微量元素(处理B)、采后不施肥(ck),研究采后施肥对蜂糖李果园土壤、叶片养分、果实产量及品质的影响【结果】采后施肥显著提高蜂糖李园土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量,增幅分别在24%、141%以上,使用平衡型肥土壤有效磷含量显著增加；显著提高叶片氮、钾含量,增幅分别在5.6%、36.3%以上,对叶片磷含量影响不大；显著提高果实钾含量,增幅在31.9%以上,显著提高蜂糖李果实产量、单果重,增幅在126%、9.6%以上。单采后施肥造成果实成熟推迟,相较同期对照果实,因为充分成熟,品质显著下降。从补充土壤养分、增加叶片养分,以及增加产量、单果重方面,采后施用高钾复合肥效果均为最佳。【结论】采后施肥可显著增加蜂糖李根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量,叶片全氮、全钾、果实钾含量,增加单株产量、单果重,但采后施肥蜂糖李成熟延缓(降低果实色度角、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比,增加果实可滴定酸、维生素C含量)。较之三元平衡肥(15-15-15),采后施用高氮高钾复合肥(16-8-21)产量最高、单果重最大,综合增产效果更佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To study the effects of postharvest fertilization on soil, leaf nutrients, fruit yield and quality of "Fengtang" plum, and to provide a basis for fertilization of Fengtang plum. 【Method】The 5-year-old "Fengtang" plum with normal growth and consistent tree vigor was selected as the test material. There are 3 treatments: postharvest balanced (15-15-15) compound fertilizer + medium and trace elements (treatment A), postharvest application of high potassium (16-8-21) compound fertilizer + medium and trace elements (treatment B) , no postharvest fertilization (ck), to study the effects of postharvest fertilization on the soil, leaf nutrients, fruit yield and quality of "Fengtang" plum【Result】Postharvest fertilization significantly increased the content of alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in the Fengtang plum orchard, The increase rate is above 24% and 141% respectively, and the content of available phosphorus in the soil is significantly increased by using balanced fertilizer; the content of nitrogen and potassium in the leaf is significantly increased, and the increase rate is above 5.6% and 36.3% respectively, and the phosphorus content in the leaf has little effect; fruit potassium content is significantly increased , by more than 31.9%, and the fruit yield and single fruit weight of "Fengtang" plum were significantly increased by more than 126% and 9.6%. Post-harvest fertilization delayed fruit ripening, compared with the control fruit in the same period, thus resulted in significantlydecreased quality. In terms of replenishing soil nutrients, increasing leaf nutrients, and increasing yield and single fruit weight, postharvest application of high-potassium compound fertilizers has the best effect.【Conclusion】Postharvest fertilization can significantly increase the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of "Fengtang" plum, the content of total nitrogen, total potassium, and fruit potassium, and increase the yield per plant and fruit weight. And also resulted in ripening delay (decrease fruit chroma angle, firmness, soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, increase fruit titratable acid, vitamin C content). Compared with the three-element balanced fertilizer (15-15-15), the postharvest application of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer (16-8-21) had the highest yield, the largest single fruit weight, and a better comprehensive yield increase effect. |
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