| 谢小林,李成江,周 莲,陈 猛,刘玉敏,王 勇,朱红惠.不同施肥方式对果园土壤环境和香蕉产量及品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(3): |
| 不同施肥方式对果园土壤环境和香蕉产量及品质的影响 |
| Effects of different fertilization methods on orchard soil environment and banana yield and quality |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-25 修订日期：2023-05-11 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20230195 |
| 中文关键词: 生物有机肥 施肥 土壤环境 香蕉产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:Biological organic fertilizer Fertilization Soil environment Banana yield quality |
| 基金项目:韶关市科技计划项目（210806164532037）；韶关市科技计划项目（220805106270728）；广州市科技计划项目（202201011832）；广东特支计划项目（2021JC06N628）；“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目（2022SDZG09）；“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目（2023SDZG09） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同施肥方式对果园土壤环境和香蕉产量及品质的影响差异，筛选香蕉园最佳施肥方式，为香蕉园的合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以当地习惯施肥（仅施化学肥料）为对照（CF）、设增施生物有机肥（BIO）、复合微生物肥料（MCF）和鸽子粪有机肥（PF）为处理，在增城区永宁街道永和简村开展为期2年的大田试验，研究不同施肥方式对香蕉园土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物群落结构及香蕉产量和品质的影响。【结果】与CF处理相比，MCF、BIO和PF处理均显著增加了香蕉园土壤的有机质含量，其中以BIO处理效果最为明显，分别较CF和PF处理增加46.51%和17.98%，处理间差异显著；有效磷、总氮、碱解氮、pH含量也在BIO处理下最高，且与CF和MCF处理存在显著差异。土壤酶活方面，MCF、BIO和PF处理均增加了α-葡萄糖苷酶、中性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶的活性，但3个处理间差异不显著，多酚氧化酶在BIO处理下显著降低，而纤维素酶则显著增加。MCF处理改变了土壤细菌群落的组成结构，并增加了变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的丰度，而BIO处理则提升了细菌群落的丰度。对于香蕉产量及品质来说，MCF、BIO和PF处理均显著增加了香蕉的重量、产量及产值，提高了香蕉的蛋白质、可溶性糖和Vc的含量，降低了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量，其中以BIO处理效果最为明显，其产量增加11.32吨/hm2，纯收益增加18750元/hm2，施肥产投比达5.8:1。【结论】香蕉园增施生物有机肥、复合微生物肥料和鸽子粪有机肥均可增加土壤有机质含量、提高土壤酶活、改变土壤微生物菌落结构及丰度，并显著提高香蕉的产量及改善其品质，其中以增施生物有机肥效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilization methods on orchard soil environment and banana yield and quality, and to screen the best fertilization methods in banana garden, so as to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization in banana garden.【Methods】A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Yonghejian village, Yongning Sub-district, Zengcheng District, with local customary fertilization (chemical fertilizer only) as control (CF), supplemented with bio-organic fertilizer (BIO), compound microbial fertilizer (MCF) and pigeon manure organic fertilizer (PF) as treatments. The effects of different fertilization methods on soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial community structure and banana yield and quality in banana garden were studied.【Results】Compared with CF treatment, MCF, BIO and PF treatment significantly increased soil organic matter content in banana garden, and the BIO treatment had the most obvious effect, which was increased by 46.51% and 17.98%, respectively, compared with CF and PF treatment. The contents of available phosphorus, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH were also the highest under BIO treatment, which were significantly different from CF and MCF treatments. In terms of soil enzyme activity, the activities of α-glucosidase, neutral phosphatase, acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase were increased by MCF, BIO and PF treatments, but there was no significant difference among the three treatments. Polyphenol oxidase was significantly decreased by BIO treatment, while cellulase was significantly increased. MCF treatment changed the composition and structure of soil bacterial community and increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, while BIO treatment increased the abundance of bacterial community. For the yield and quality of banana, MCF, BIO and PF treatments significantly increased the weight, yield and output value of banana, increased the contents of protein, soluble sugar and Vc, and reduced the contents of nitrate and nitrite, among which BIO treatment had the most obvious effect, with the yield increased by 11.32t/hm2 and net income increased by 18750yuan/hm2. The ratio of fertilizer output and input reached 5.8:1.【Conclusion】the application of bio-organic fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer and pigeon manure organic fertilizer in banana garden can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil enzyme activity, change soil microbial colony structure and abundance, and significantly improve banana yield and quality, among which the application of bio-organic fertilizer has the best effect. |
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