| 李占芹,刘学海.珍珠油杏简易设施避雨栽培技术研究[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(2): |
| 珍珠油杏简易设施避雨栽培技术研究 |
| Research on the Cultivation Techniques of Pearl Oil Apricot in Simple Facilities for Rain Avoidance |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-09 修订日期：2023-08-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 珍珠油杏 简易设施 避雨栽培 |
| 英文关键词:Pearl oil apricot Simple facilities Sheltered cultivation |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-28-36） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 789 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 珍珠油杏以果面光洁油亮、果肉金黄蜜甜、可溶性固形物含量高而赢得消费者的喜爱，但是该品种存在近成熟期果实糖化、遇雨容易裂果的生理缺陷，生产者普遍认为栽培管理难度较大，遇到采收期降雨量较大的年份，裂果率会达到90%以上，基本失去商品价值。所以，珍珠油杏在沂蒙山区的推广面积一直不大，量少质优必然价高，近几年珍珠油杏田间收购价常常徘徊在12元/kg，单位收益相当可观。据此，围绕解决裂果生产难题，探索珍珠油杏简易设施避雨栽培技术，具有较大的生产意义。我们于2019年在费县东蒙镇太白庄村开展了避雨栽培技术研究，采取了高垄大小行栽培、树盘覆盖无纺布、节水灌溉、拱棚动态覆膜等技术措施，增强了花期冻害防御能力，提高了座坐果率，成功降低了根际土壤湿度和园内空气湿度，实现了优质果率94%、裂果率低于5%，配套技术成熟，具备较强的推广应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Pearl oil apricot has won the favor of consumers due to its smooth and shiny fruit surface, golden and sweet flesh, and high soluble solid content. However, this variety has physiological defects such as near maturity fruit saccharification and easy cracking in case of rain. Producers generally believe that cultivation and management are difficult, and in years with high rainfall during the harvest period, the cracking rate will reach over 90%, basically losing its commercial value. Therefore, the promotion area of pearl oil apricot in the Yimeng mountainous area has always been small, and low quantity and high quality will inevitably lead to high prices. In recent years, the purchase price of pearl oil apricot in the field has often hovered around 12 yuan/kg, with considerable unit profits. Based on this, it is of great production significance to explore the simple facility and rainproof cultivation technology of pearl oil apricot to solve the problem of fruit cracking production. In 2019, we conducted a study on rainproof cultivation techniques in Taibaizhuang Village, Dongmeng Town, Fei County. We adopted technical measures such as high ridge and small row cultivation, tree tray coverage with non-woven fabrics, water-saving irrigation, and arch shed dynamic film covering, which enhanced our ability to prevent frost damage during the flowering period, increased the fruit setting rate, and successfully reduced the soil moisture in the rhizosphere and the air humidity in the garden. We achieved a high-quality fruit rate of 94% and a fruit cracking rate of less than 5%, with mature supporting technologies, Has strong promotion and application value. |
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