| 高欢,肖委明,廖光联,黄春辉,贾东峰,李芸,宋明昌,黄鹃,徐小彪.毛花猕猴桃新品种‘赣绿1号’的生物学特性及主要栽培技术[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(1): |
| 毛花猕猴桃新品种‘赣绿1号’的生物学特性及主要栽培技术 |
| Biological Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of New Cultivar ‘Ganlv 1’ (Actinidia eriantha) |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-17 修订日期：2023-08-25 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20230389 |
| 中文关键词: 毛花猕猴桃 ‘赣绿1号’ 生物学特性 栽培技术 |
| 英文关键词:Actinidia eriantha ‘Ganlv 1’ Biological character Cultivation techniques |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以毛花猕猴桃‘赣绿1号’为研究材料,‘赣猕6号’(相似品种)为试验对照,对其主要生物学特性进行了系统观测与分析,探明该品种的生长发育规律,以期为制定合理的栽培管理措施提供理论依据。研究表明,在江西省宜春市奉新县地区,‘赣绿1号’伤流期在2月上中旬,初花期在5月上旬,谢花期在5月中旬,果实成熟期在10月下旬,为晚熟二倍体品种；成叶长卵圆形,叶面无绒毛；其花为伞房花序,每花序单花3~5朵,花瓣粉红色,花药淡黄色；果实近圆柱形至长卵圆形,平均单果重46.5g,果形指数为2.52；果实软熟时可溶性固形物含量为19.40%,最高达22.20%；干物质含量为21.75%；可溶性糖含量为9.25%,可滴定酸含量为0.94%,抗坏血酸含量为662.6mg/100g；果肉呈墨绿色,肉质细嫩,风味甜香。‘赣绿1号’植株树势较壮,耐热抗旱,适应性强,富含抗坏血酸,易剥皮,综合性状优良且遗传性状稳定。该品种在无霜期130 d以上,≥10℃积温达1500℃以上的地方均可栽培。宜选择海拔1000 m以下,pH 6.0～7.0,土壤疏松肥沃、有机质含量丰富、灌溉方便的砂壤土建园。成龄果园一般每年施肥2~3次,萌芽肥以N肥为主,壮果肥以P、K、Ca肥为主,秋季基肥以有机肥为主。架式宜采用水平大棚架或T型小棚架。株行距2.5～3.0m×3.5～4.0m,雌雄株比例为6-8:1。蕾期及时“零芽”折梢修剪、幼果期及时疏果与套袋。采用单干双主蔓多侧蔓整形方式,冬季修剪时可采用中长蔓修剪法,短截、疏删与回缩相结合。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, ‘Ganlv1’ was used as the experimental material, ‘Ganmi6’ was used as the control material. The main economic characters were preliminarily identified and the dynamic changes of fruit quality and sugar and acid content during fruit growth and development were investigated in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the scientific cultivation methods for regulating the nutritional components of fruits. The results showed that in Fengxin County, Yichun City of Jiangxi Province, "Ganlv 1" was a late maturing diploid variety with its bleeding period in early February, initial flowering period in early May, fading period in mid-May and fruit maturity period in late October. Leaves are green oval, leaf surface without villous; The flowers are corymbs with 3 to 5 single flowers per inflorescence. The petals are pink and the anthers are light yellow. The average fruit weight was 46.5g and the fruit shape index was 2.52. The average content of SSC, DM, TS, TA, AsA was19.40%, 21.75%, 9.25%, 0.94% and 662.6mg/100g respectively. The flesh was Dark green, tender meat, sweet flavor. The "Ganlv 1" plant has strong tree strength, heat resistance and drought resistance, strong adaptability, rich in vitamin C, easy to peel, excellent comprehensive traits and stable genetic traits. This variety can be cultivated in places where frost-free period is more than 130 days and the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is more than 1500℃. It is advisable to build gardens in sandy soil with rich organic matter, loose and fertile soil and convenient irrigation below 1000 m above sea level with pH6.0~7.0. Mature macaque peach garden is generally fertilized 2~3 times a year. The germination fertilizer is mainly quick-acting N fertilizer, the fruit fertilizer is mainly quick-acting P, K and Ca fertilizer, and the autumn base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Suitable cultivation framework is horizontal pergola or T shaped small pergola. Plant spacing was 2.5～3.0m×3.5～4.0m, and the ratio of male to female plants was 6~8:1. ‘Zero bud’ pruning in bud stage, thinning and bagging in young fruit stage. Adopt single stem double main tendril many side tendril shape ways, can use long or middle banches clipping method when winter pruning, short cut, thin delete and shrink photograph union. |
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