| 司晓雨.高钾型氮磷钾水溶肥对核桃生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(5): |
| 高钾型氮磷钾水溶肥对核桃生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响 |
| Effects of high potassium type of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium water-soluble fertilizer on growth and development of walnut and soil physicochemical properties |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-06 修订日期：2023-09-18 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20230423 |
| 中文关键词: 关键词：核桃 高钾 水溶肥 施肥时期 果实品质 土壤性状 |
| 英文关键词:Keywords: Walnut High potassium water-soluble fertilizer Fertilization period Fruit quality Soil properties |
| 基金项目:十四五”国家重点研发计划课题（2022YFD2200402）河北省重点研发计划项目（21326352D） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要：为了研究不同时期及不同次数施用高钾型水溶肥施肥对核桃叶片、果实品质及土壤理化性质等的影响，以期为核桃合理施肥提供参考依据。以‘辽宁1号’核桃品种为试材，在树体萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期施入高钾型水溶肥，测定核桃叶片、果实和土壤的相关指标。结果表明，在萌芽期、果实膨大期及果实硬核期的3次施用高钾肥对叶片叶面积、叶绿素、可溶性糖、光合及全钾含量提高最多；果实膨大期及果实硬核期、萌芽期和果实膨大期的2次施肥处理下叶片全氮和全磷含量最高；全磷含量在3次施肥与2次施肥处理下无显著性差异；在萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期3次施用高钾肥对果实干果重、脂肪含量还有产量提高最多；果实硬核期1次施用高钾肥处理下黄酮、多酚含量提高最多，但多酚含量在果实膨大期、果实硬核期1次施肥，果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施肥处理下差异不显著；在果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施用高钾肥能够有效提高土壤的速效钾和全钾含量，有机质、全氮、全磷含量均在果实萌芽期和硬核期2次施肥处理时效果较好。综合指标萌芽期、果实膨大期及硬核期3次施肥处理下对叶片品质和果实干重、脂肪含量提高最多，然而产量与2次施肥处理间无显著性差异；2次施肥处理下的土壤的有机质、速效钾、全氮、全钾含量较高。综上，对于提高核桃果仁品质来说，3次施肥效果较好，而对核桃产量及土壤理化性质来说，建议两次施肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: In order to study the influence of high potassium water soluble fertilizer on walnut leaf, fruit quality and physical and chemical properties of soil in different periods and times, in order to provide reference for reasonable fertilization of walnut. Taking " Liaoning No.1''walnut variety as the test material, high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer was applied in the budding, fruit expansion and fruit hardcore stage to determine the relevant indexes of walnut leaves, fruits and soil.the results show that, Three applications of high potassium fertilizer in the budding stage, the fruit expansion stage and the fruit hardcore stage increased the leaf area, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, photosynthetic and total potassium content; The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was the highest under two fertilization treatments of fruit expansion stage and fruit hard core stage, budding stage and fruit expansion stage; There was no significant difference between total phosphorus content in three times and two treatments; In the budding period, fruit expansion period, fruit hardcore stage 3 times the application of high potassium fertilizer on the fruit dried fruit weight, fat content and yield increased the most; The content of flavones and polyphenols increased the most under the one application of high potassium fertilizer during the hardcore stage, However, the content of polyphenols was applied once during the fruit expansion stage and fruit hardcore stage, There was no significant difference between fruit expansion period and fruit hardcore period; The application of high potassium fertilizer in the fruit expansion period and the quick potassium and total potassium content in the soil, The content of organic matter, whole nitrogen and whole phosphorus were better in the budding and hard core stages. In the comprehensive index, the leaf quality, fruit dry weight and fat content were increased under the three times of budding stage, fruit expansion stage and hardcore stage, but there was no significant difference between the yield and the two fertilization treatments; the organic matter, quick potassium, total nitrogen and total potassium of the soil under the two fertilization treatments were higher. To sum up, for improving the quality of walnut kernel, the effect of three fertilization is better, while for walnut yield and soil physical and chemical properties, two fertilization is recommended. |
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