| 邓彪,刘业强,徐健,陈仁雄,张丹,郑平,王路路,覃植盛,韦建烈,杜路淼,秦源,王小媚.两种催花剂处理对台农4号菠萝催花效果的影响[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(2): |
| 两种催花剂处理对台农4号菠萝催花效果的影响 |
| Effects of two kinds of flower-forcing agents on the flower forcing effect of Tainong No.4 pineapple |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-19 修订日期：2024-01-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 台农4号菠萝 乙烯利 催花 |
| 英文关键词:Tainong No.4 pineapple Ethephon Flower forcing |
| 基金项目:广西科技重大专项（2021AA20025）；国家现代农业产业技术体系广西特色水果创新团队菠萝育种与栽培岗位（nycytxgxcxtd-17-05）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT046）；企业横向项目（HNHT-HNCN(HNEL)-2023-001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对生产上台农4号菠萝诱导催花通常采用2-3次电石处理，其操作复杂，且不利于绿色安全生产，本研究采用植物天然生长调节剂乙烯利对台农4号菠萝进行诱导催花处理，比较两种催花剂不同浓度处理对台农4号菠萝抽蕾率、果实内外品质及产量的影响。结果表明，台农4号菠萝对乙烯利催花比较敏感，很低的浓度（16000倍稀释液）催花抽蕾率都可以达到99%以上，而高浓度（500和1000倍）40%的乙烯利和电石处理组的平均单果重无显著差异，均在在1.08kg以上，低浓度（2000和16000倍）40%的乙烯利处理则会导致果实重量下降。在果实外观上，高浓度乙烯利可以显著提高台农4号菠萝圆筒形果的比例，且采用500倍和1000倍40%的乙烯利催花处理后的圆筒果率显著高于其他处理，分别达98.81%、94.13%，较两次1.25%电石诱导催花处理组高32.17%。在果实内在品质方面，乙烯利催花处理组显著优于电石催花处理组，相关分析表明，乙烯利的催花浓度与果实维生素C含量、总糖含量、糖酸比和可溶性固形物呈极显著正相关，而与柠檬酸含量呈极显著负相关。综合果形、产量、果实内在品质，台农4号菠萝采用500倍40%乙烯利与0.2%尿素催花效果佳，处理组诱导催花抽蕾率99.69%、圆筒果率99.38%，平均单果重1.22kg、维生素C含量达40.45mg/100g、可溶性固形物17.93%、总糖17.84%、柠檬酸0.61%，糖酸比19.71，可替代电石催花。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In contrast to the common practice of inducing flowering in Tainong No. 4 pineapple through 2-3 treatments with calcium carbide, which is complex in practice and not conducive to green friendly production, our study employs ethephon, a natural plant growth regulator, for inducing flowering in Tainong No. 4, and compares the the effects of different concentrations of the two flowering agents on the rate of flowering induction, fruit quality, and crop yield in Tainong No. 4. The results demonstrate that the cultivar Tainong No. 4 is highly sensitive to ethephon for flowering induction. Even at a very low concentration (16000-fold dilution), the flowering induction rate can exceed 99%. However, at higher concentrations (500 and 1000-fold), there is no significant difference in the average single fruit weight between the ethephon (40%) and calcium carbide treatment groups, both exceeding 1.08 kg. On the other hand, at low concentrations (2000 and 16000-fold), a 40% ethephon treatment leads to a decrease in fruit weight. Regarding the fruit appearance, a high concentration of ethephon significantly increases the proportion of cylindrical-shaped in Tainong No. 4. Furthermore, the rate of cylindrical fruit shape after flowering induction with 500 and 1000-fold 40% ethephon is significantly higher compared to other treatments, reaching 98.81% and 94.13%, respectively. This is notably 32.17% higher than the group treated with two rounds of treatments of 1.25% calcium carbide-induced flowering. On the intrinsic fruit quality, the ethephon-induced flowering group significantly outperforms the calcium carbide-induced flowering group. The correlation analysis results indicate a highly positive correlation between the concentration of ethephon and the fruit's vitamin C content, total sugar content, sugar-to-acid ratio, and soluble solids. And a significantly negative correlation with citric acid content. Considering fruit shape, yield, and quality, the most effective flowering induction for Tainong No. 4 is achieved using 500-fold 40% ethephon combined with 0.2% urea. The treatment group shows an induction rate of 99.69%, cylindrical fruit rate of 99.38%, average single fruit weight of 1.22 kg, vitamin C content of 40.45 mg/100g, soluble solids of 17.93%, total sugar of 17.84%, citric acid of 0.61%, and a sugar-to-acid ratio of 19.71. Our study provides ethephon treatment as an effective alternative to traditional calcium carbide-induced flowering. |
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