| 於浩然,吴婧波,詹儒林,姚全胜,李国平,陈晶晶,井敏敏.油梨果实采前炭疽病病原鉴定及田间药剂防治[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(5): |
| 油梨果实采前炭疽病病原鉴定及田间药剂防治 |
| Identification of the pathogen of pre-harvest anthracnose disease in avocado and fungicides control in field |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-06 修订日期：2024-02-27 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 油梨炭疽病 刺盘孢 种类鉴定 田间药剂防治 |
| 英文关键词:Keywords：Avocado anthracnose Colletotrichum sp. Species identification Field trials on the chemical control |
| 基金项目:热带优稀果树（番石榴、番荔枝、油梨）种质资源创制与新品种选育（No.1630062022001）；中国热带农业科学院中央级科研院所基本业务费项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确广东省湛江市种质资源圃采前油梨果实产生黑斑的病原菌，通过组织分离法从病果上分离病原菌，利用形态学结合分子生物学方法确定病原菌的种类，通过田间施用药剂测定杀菌剂对该病害的防治效果。结果表明，从15份感病油梨果实中共分离获得36株病原菌，根据形态学观察结合分子鉴定，将36株病原菌划分为刺盘孢属（Colletotrichum）的两个不同种，对两个种的代表菌株YLQ5-2和FNYG1进行多基因（ITS、GAPDH、CAL、TUB和ACT）系统发育分析，菌株YLQ5-2和FNYG1分别与暹罗刺盘孢（C. siamense）和果生刺盘孢（C. fructicola）聚为一支。通过油梨不同组织部位致病性测试发现，该病害具有组织特异性，有伤状态下可引起油梨果实产生黑斑，在无伤条件下即可导致油梨叶部发病，但无法致油梨茎部发病，表明采前油梨果实产生的黑斑为油梨炭疽病。田间药剂防治试验表明：在油梨果实膨大期（7-9月）连续喷施3次25%嘧菌酯SC1500倍液和40%多菌灵SC500倍液对油梨果实炭疽病的防效均可达50％以上，且25%嘧菌酯SC1500倍液对该病害的防治效果优于40%多菌灵SC500倍液。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the pathogen causing black spots on pre-harvest avocado, isolate pathogens from typical sampels using tissue isolation, in the germplasm resource garden of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. Morphological and molecular biology methods were used to determine the types of pathogens, and the effect of prevention of fungicides on the disease was determined through field application of pesticides.The results showed that 36 strains isolated from 15 sampels were divided into two different species of Colletotrichum, based on morphological observation and molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis of multigene (ITS, GAPDH, CAL, TUB, and ACT) showed that representative strains YLQ5-2 and FNYG1 clustered with Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fruticola, respectively. Pathogenicity tests indicate that the disease has tissue specificity. It can infect avocado fruits in wounding, and can infect leaves of avocado without wounding, but cannot infect stems of avocado. Field trials on the chemical control of the disease showed that during the fruit swelling period of avocado (July-September), continuous spraying of 25% azoxystrobin SC 1500 fold solution and 40% carbendazim SC 500 fold solution three times had a control effect of over 50%, and effect of prevention of 25% azoxystrobin SC 1500 fold solution on this disease was better than that of 40% carbendazim SC 500 fold solution. |
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